The energy of the node in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is scarce and causes the variation in the lifetime of the network. Also, the throughput and delay of the network depend on how long the network sustains i. e. energy consumption. One way to increase the sustainability of network for improving bandwidth utilization and energy consumption is the introduction of heterogeneous nodes regarding energy, and the other is to use the slotted transmission schemethat allow nodes to regularly schedulethe activities. Also, clock skews may cause the errors and be one of the source of delay and energy consumption. To improve the QoS parameters, the paper proposes NodeHeterogeneity-aware Bandwidth Efficient Hybrid Synchronization Algorithm (NHBES). It works on the formation of cluster-based spanning tree (SPT). The nodes in the cluster and cluster heads in the network are synchronized with the notion of the global time scale of the network. To minimize the energy consumptions and delay, NHBES synchronizes the time slots using TDMA based MAC protocol. The hybrid approach used helps to improve the throughput (bandwidth utilization), energy consumption with less delay as compared to the state-of-the-art solutions.

1. Bharath Sundararaman, Ugo Buy, and Ajay D. Kshemkalyani,2005, "Clock synchronization for wireless sensor networks: a survey," Elsevier Ad Hoc Networks 3 pp 281–323.
2. Dnyaneshwar S. Mantri, Neeli Rashmi Prasad, and Ramjee Prasad, 2014,"Synchronized Data Aggregation for Wireless Sensor Network," 1st IEEE Global Conference on wireless computing and networking, pp 263-267, December 22-24, SIT, Lonavala, India.
3. Dnyaneshwar Mantri, Neeli R Prasad, and Ramjee Prasad, 2013, "Two Tier Cluster based Data Aggregation (TTCDA) in Wireless Sensor Network," Springer Journal Wireless Personal Communications, 75(4), pp 2589-2606, November 2013.
4. Mantri Dnyaneshwar S, Pawar Pranav M, Prasad Neeli Rashmi, and Prasad Ramjee, 2014,"Cluster-based Myopic and Non-myopic Scheduling for Wireless Sensor Network," 2014 IEEE Students Technology Symposium (TechSym), pp. 116-120, Feb. 28-March 2 2014.
5. Saurabh Ganeriwal, Ram Kumar, and Mani B. Srivastava,2003,"Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks," SenSys'03, November 5-7, Los Angeles, California, USA.
6. Dnyaneshwar S. Mantri, Pranav Pawar, Neeli Rashmi Prasad, and Ramjee Prasad, 2014, "An Efficient Schedule based Data Aggregation using Node Mobility for Wireless Sensor Network," Wireless Vitae 2014, pp1-5, May11-14, Aalborg, Denmark.
7. LI-Ming He, "Time Synchronization Based on Spanning Tree for Wireless Sensor Network," IEEE Wireless 4th International Conference on Communication, Networking and Mobile Computing, WiCOM'08.
8. Gopal Chand Gautam, T. P. Sharma, VivekKatiyar and Anil Kumar,2011, "Time Synchronization Protocol for Wireless SensorNetworks using Clustering," ICRTIT, pp417-422, June 2011, India.
9. J. Elson, L. Girod, and D. Estrin, 2002, "Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts," Proceedings of Fifth Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI- 2002), vol. 36, pp. 147–163.
10. DnyaneshwarMantri, Neeli Rashmi Prasad, &Ramjee Prasad, 2016, "Mobility and Heterogeneity aware Cluster-Based Data Aggregation for Wireless Sensor Network", Springer Journal-Wireless Personal Communication,86(2), pp975-993, Jan 2016.
11. DnyaneshwarMantri, Neeli R Prasad, Ramjee Prasad, 2015,"Bandwidth Efficient Heterogeneity aware Cluster based Data Aggregation for Wireless Sensor Network," Elsevier Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, vol 41, pp 256–264, January 2015.
12. Yixuan Gong, HarutoshiOgai, WanyuLI, 2011, "A Partial TPSN: Time Offset Synchronization Scheme in Wireless Sensor Network applied for bridge health," 20 II International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology, pp 254-258.
13. L. Schenato and F. Fiorentin,2011, "Average time synch: a consensus-based protocol for time synchronization in wireless sensor networks," Automatica, 47(9), pp. 1878–1886.
14. Huang Hai-ping, Wang Ru-chuan, Liu Li, Sun Li-juan, Li Wen-feng, 2010, "Time synchronization algorithm of wireless sensor networks based on data aggregation tree," vol 17, pp. 24–29.
15. Xi Deng, and Yuanyuan Yang,2013, "Communication Synchronization in Cluster-Based Sensor Networks for Cyber-Physical Systems," IEEE Transaction on Emerging Topics in Computing, 1(1), pp 98-110.
16. Dnyaneshwar S. Mantri, Neeli Rashmi Prasad, and Ramjee Prasad, 2014,"Bandwidth Efficient Hybrid Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Network," 4th International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI2014), pp 2108-2013, August 12, 2014. Kochi, India.
17. Dnyaneshwar S. Mantri, Neeli Rashmi Prasad, and Ramjee Prasad, 2015, "Mobility-aware Hybrid Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Network," WPMC- 2015, Hyderabad, India (Presented).
18. Yildirim K. S. and A ylinKantarci,2014,"External Gradient Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks," IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 25(3), page: 633–641, march 2014.

Delay Energy Throughput Wsn