With the advancement of wireless technology, portable devices that are capable of wireless communication have become extremely popular making possible the establishment of wide ubiquitous networks. Mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANETs) are wireless networks where the exchange of messages between the nodes does not rely on any pre-deployed infrastructure. This architecture, nevertheless, suffers from a highly unstable topology as the links between the nodes break constantly due to movement of the users. Path routing and protocol selection are the key strategies behind the design of any wireless network. In this paper we study and evaluate the effect of mobility on the routing protocols viz. AODV, DSDV, DSR and OLSR in terms of packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay and normalized routing load.

1. Tracy Camp, Jeff Boleng and Vanessa Davies 2002. A Survey of Mobility Models for Ad Hoc Network Research Wireless Communication & Mobile Computing (WCMC): Special issue on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking: Research, Trends and Applications, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 483-502
2. Guolong Lin, Guevara Noubir and Rajmohan Rajaraman 2004. Mobility Models for Ad Hoc Network Simulation. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2004.
3. Samir R Das, Charles E. Perkins and Elizabeth M. Royer 2000. Performance Comparison of Two On-Demand Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2000
4. Jungkeun Yoon, Mingyan Liu and Brian Noble 2003. Sound Mobility Models. In Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'03)
5. Nils Aschenbruck, Elmar Gerhards-Padilla and Peter Martini 2008. A Survey on mobility models for performance analysis in tactical mobile networks, In Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, pp. 54-61.
6. Cristian Tuduce and Thomas Gross 2005. A Mobility Model Based on WLAN Traces and its Validation. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2005.
7. Nils Aschenbruck, Elmar Gerhards-Padilla, M. Gerharz, M. Frank, and Peter Martini 2007. Modelling mobility in disaster area scenarios. In Proceedings of MSWiM07
8. J. Yoon, B. D. Noble, M. Liu, and M. Kim 2006. Building realistic mobility models from coarse-grained traces. In Proceedings of MobiSys06, pp. - 177–190
9. Parag S. Mogre, Matthias Hollick, Nico d'Heureuse, Hans Werner Heckel, Tronje Krop, Ralf Steinmetz 2007. A graph-based simple mobility model. In Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (WMAN '07), pp. 421-432
10. Jing Tian, Jorg Hahner, Christian Becker, Illya Stepanov and Kurt Rothermel 2002. Graph-Based Mobility Model for Mobile Ad Hoc Network Simulation. In Proceedings of the 35th Annual Simulation Symposium (SS'02)
11. F. Bai, N. Sadagopan, and A. Helmy 2003. "Important: a framework to systematically analyze the impact of mobility on performance of routing protocols for ad hoc networks". In Proceedings of IEEE Information Communications Conference (INFOCOM 2003)
12. Nils Aschenbruck, R. Ernst, Elmar Gerhards-Padilla and M. Schwamborn 2010. "BonnMotion - A Mobility Scenario Generation and Analysis Tool". In Proceedings of SIMUTools, Torremolinos, Spain, 2010
13. C. Perkins and E. Belding-Royer 1998. Adhoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing. RFC 3561, IETF Working Group
14. Josh Broch, David B. Johnson and David A. Maltz 1998. The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. RFC 4728, IETF Working Group
15. Vincent Park and M. Scott Corson 1997. Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) Version 1 Functional Specification, IETF Working Group
16. C. Perkins and P. Bhagwat 1994. Highly dynamic destination-sequenced distance-vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM'94 Conference on Communications Architectures, Protocols and Applications, pp. 234–244
17. T. Clausen and P. Jacquet 2003. Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR). RFC 3626, IETF Working Group
18. Xiaoyan Hong, Mario Gerla, Guangyu Pei and Ching-Chuan Chiang 1999. A group mobility model for ad hoc wireless networks. In Proceedings of the ACM International Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems (MSWiM'99)
19. http://www. isi. edu/nsnam/ns
20. Fahim Maan and Nauman Mazhar 2011. MANET Routing Protocols vs. Mobility Models: A Performance Evaluation. In Proceedings of IEEE Conference ICUFN 2011, pp. 179-184
21. Asma Tuteja, Rajneesh Gujral and Sunil Thalia 2010. Comparative Performance Analysis of DSDV, AODV and DSR Routing Protocols in MANET using NS2. In Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Advances in Computer Engineering 2010, pp. 330-333
22. Pratap S. Prasad, Prathima Agrawal and Krishna M Sivalingam 2009. Effects of Mobility in Hierarchical Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. In 6th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, 2009. pp. 1-5
23. C. P. Agrawal, M. K Tiwari and O. P. Vyas 2008. Evaluation of AODV Protocol for Varying Mobiloity Models of MANET for Ubiquitous Computing. In Proceedings of IEEE Third International Conference on Convergence and Hybrid Information Technology, 2008. pp. 769-774
24. Bhavyesh Divecha, Ajith Abraham, Crina Grosan and Sugata Sanyal 2007. Analysis of Dynamic Source Routing and Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Protocols for Different Mobility models. In Proceedings of IEEE First Asia International Conference on Modelling and Simulation (AMS'07)
25. Awk – A Tutorial and Introduction – by Bruce Barnett
26. Elizabeth M. Royer and Charles E. Perkins 2000. An Implementation study of the AODV Routing Protocol. In Proceedings of IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference (WCNC 2000), vol. 3 pp. 1003-1008

Manets Reactive Routing Protocols Proactive Routing Protocol Mobility Models