Information (or data) hiding process embeds data into digital media for the purpose of security. In spatial or frequency domain several Steganographic algorithms have been proposed for embedding data in digital images as cover media. These criteria have been used to evaluate the effectiveness of a Steganographic method to measure how it is secure against detection. Other criteria include embedding capacity and invisibility to human eyes. To increase the capacity of the hidden secret information as well as to provide a stego-image imperceptible to human vision, a novel steganographic approach based on pixel-value differencing is used. In this paper various methods of PVD are discussed and proposed method combines all the features of these methods.

1. Muhalim Mohamed Amin, Saurabh Ibrahim, Mazleena Salleh, Mohd. Rozi Katmin, "Information hiding using steganography",Vol71847 ,2003
2. Masoud Afrakhteh, Subariah Ibrahim "Adaptive steganography scheme Using More Surrounding Pixels", International Conference On Computer Design And Applications (ICCDA 2010), Vol. 1, V1225-V1229
3. Wu,Tsai, "A steganographic method for images by pixel-value differencing" ,Volume 24, Issues 9-10, June 2003, pages 1613-1626
4. A. E. Mustafa, A. M. F. ElGamal, M. E. ElAlmi, Ahmed. BD, "A Proposed Algorithm For Steganography In Digital Image Based on Least Significant Bit", Issue No. 21, April. 2011
5. H. C. Wu, Tsai, Hwang, "Image steganographic scheme based on pixel-value differencing and LSB replacement methods", IEE Proc-vis. Image signal process, vol. 152, no. 5, October 2005, 611-615
6. Han-ling ZHANG, Guang-zhi GENG, Cai-qiong Xing, 2009. "Image Steganography using Pixel-Value Differencing", IEEE DOI 10. 1109/ISECS. 2009. 139), 109–112.
7. Chi-Kwong Chan, L. M. Cheng, "Hiding data in images by simple LSB substitution",Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10. 1016/j. patcog. 2003. 08. 007.
8. Yogendra Kumar Jain, R. R. Ahirwal, "A Novel Image Steganography Method With Adaptive Number of Least Significant Bits Modification Based on Private Stego-Keys", International Journal of Computer Science and Security vol. (4), issue (1), pg no. 40-49.
9. R. Amirtharajan, R. Akila, P. Deepikachowdavarapu," A Comparative Analysis of Image Steganography", International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887), Volume 2 – No. 3, May 2010
10. Chung - Ming Wang , Nan-I Wu , Chwei - Shyong Tsai, Min-Shiang Hwang ,"A high quality steganographic method with pixel-value differencing and modulus function",J. Syst. Software(2007),doi:10. 1016/j. jss. 2007. 01. 049
11. H. B. Kekre, Archana Athawale, Pallavi N. Halarnkar, "Performance Evaluation of Pixel Value Differencing and Kekre's Modified Algorithm for Information Hiding in Images", International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Control (ICAC3'09)
12. Dr H. B Kekre, Ms Pallavi Halarnkar, Kahkashan Ansari, Parakh Jindal, Yash Chaturvedi," Information hiding with increased capacity using KMLA+PVD approach", IRACST - International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology & Security (IJCSITS), ISSN: 2249-9555 Vol. 2, No. 2, April 2012
13. A. L. Khade. B. G. Hogde, V B Gaikwad. "Secret Communication via Image Hiding In Image by Pixel Value Differencing", ICWET', February 2010, 437-438.
14. M. Padmaa,Dr. Y. Venkataramani,"ZIG-ZAG PVD – A Nontraditional Approach", International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887),Volume 5– No. 7, August 2010
15. J. K. Mandal 1 and Debashis Das," Steganography Using Adaptive Pixel Value Differencing(APVD) of Gray Images Through Exclusion of Overflow/Underflow", The second International Conference on Computer Science, engineering and applications (CCSEA-2012) , May 2012
16. J. K. Mandal and Debashis Das, "Colour Image Steganography Based on Pixel Value Differencing in Spatial Domain", International Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques (IJIST) Vol. 2, No. 4, July 2012, 83-93

Lsb Opap Pvd Zzts