This paper presents an optimization-based audio watermarking scheme using group amplitude quantization. In order to improve the robustness, the watermark is embedded in the lowest discrete wavelet transform frequency coefficients. The performance of this watermarking scheme is analyzed in terms of audio quality (signal-to-noise ratio) and robustness (bit error rate). As there is a trade off relationship between the audio quality and robustness, this study presents an optimization-based group amplitude quantization scheme for audio watermarking. First, SNR is rewritten as a watermarking cost function in matrix form. Then an equation connecting the watermarking cost function and the group amplitude quantization equation is proposed. Second, the Lagrange principle is used to derive the optimization solution. The optimal results are then applied to embed the watermark. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme is tested. As per the experimental results, the SNR (audio quality) of the proposed scheme is 25. 21 dB and the BER (robustness) is 0. 4720. The hidden data are robust against most common attacks, such as re-sampling, low-pass filtering and amplitude scaling.

1. S. T Chen, G. D Wu, H. N. Huang, IET Signal Processing 2010, Wavelet domain audio watermarking scheme using optimization based quantization
2. LIE W. N. , Chang L. C. , IEEE Trans. Multimedi. , 2006, Robust and high quality time domain audio watermarking based on low frequency amplitude modification
3. W. U S, HUANG J, HUANG D, SHI Y. Q. , IEEE Trans. Broadcast, 2005, Efficiently self synchronized audio watermarking for assure audio data transmission
4. KIRVOSKI D. , MALVAR H. S. , IEEE Trans. Signal Process, 2003, Spread spectrum watermarking of audio signals
5. CHEN B. , PITAS I. , WORNELL G. W. , IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 2001, Quantization index modulation-a class of provably good methods for digital watermarking and information embedding
6. BASSIA P. , PITAS I. , NIKOLAIDIS N. , IEEE Trans. Multimed. 2001, Robust audio watermarking in the time domain
7. ALARYANI H. , YOUSSEF A. , Proc. Seventh IEEE Int. Symp. on Multimedia 2005, A novel audio watermarking technique based on frequency components
8. KIM H. J. , Pacific Rim workshop on Digital Steganography Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakkyushu, Japan, 2003 Audio watermarking techniques
9. HUANG J. , WANG Y. , SHI Y. Q. , Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems, 2002, A blind audio watermarking algorithm with self synchronization
10. KIM H. , Proc. Third IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2001, Stochastic model based audio watermarking whitening filter for improve detection
11. LI X. , YU H. H. , Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Information Techniques: Coding and Computing, 2000, Transparent and robust audio data hiding in sub-band domain
12. KATZENBEISSER S. , PETITCOLAS F. A. P. , Artech House Inc. , 2000, Information hiding techniques for steganography and digital watermarking

Audio Watermarking Dwt Group Amplitude Quantization Snr Ber