The week's pick
Random Articles
Reseach Article
Enhancing the Performance of Geographical Routing Protocol in Highly Dynamic Mobility and Mobility Patterns
| International Journal of Computer Applications |
| Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA |
| Volume 99 - Number 11 |
| Year of Publication: 2014 |
| Authors: N. Palanisamy, V. Muralibhaskaran |
10.5120/17420-8214
|
N. Palanisamy, V. Muralibhaskaran . Enhancing the Performance of Geographical Routing Protocol in Highly Dynamic Mobility and Mobility Patterns. International Journal of Computer Applications. 99, 11 ( August 2014), 36-44. DOI=10.5120/17420-8214
Abstract
In geographical routing, each node takes the data forwarding decision based on the location information of its one-hop neighbors. Dissemination of location information is the key function of the geographic routing. The location error due to the node mobility models has direct impact on the geographical routing. Node mobility is a great challenge to the beacon based location broadcasting schemes. The general mechanism to optimize the local topology information according to the node mobility is Proactive beaconing schemes support specific mobility model, but it does not perform well under various mobility models. However, it is difficult to capture the changes in the network topology and fit the beaconing approach correctly to the various mobility models. This paper proposes the Context Aware Mobility Adaptive Location Update (CAALU) scheme which contains Distance and Traffic based Location update (DTL), Band Prediction (BP), and Conditional Location Update on Overhearing (CLUO). These schemes make CAALU more flexible to various mobility models. For supporting the mobility models, the DTL dynamically adjusts the beaconing interval based on the node distance and traffic. For simplification, it divides the node transmission area into in-band and out-band region, and each node continuously exchange its location information with the out-band nodes. The BP mechanism predicts the mobile node region and broadcast the beacon only if the predicted distance error is greater than the threshold range. The CLUO mechanism employs the MAC layer overhearing concept whereby a node sends the beacon packet, when it overhears the data/beacon packet transmission from a new neighbor. Simulated results reveal the adaptability of CAALU on various mobility models.
References
- M. Frodigh, P. Johansson, P. Larsson, "Wireless ad hoc networking-The art of networking without a network", Ericsson Review, Vol. No. 4, pp. 248-263, 2000.
- R. R. Roy, "Mobility Model Characteristics", Handbook of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks for Mobility Models, pp. 23-32, 2011
- Ivan Stojmenovic and University of Ottawa, "Position-Based Routing in Ad Hoc Networks", IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 2-8, 2002
- J. Hightower and G. Borriello, "Location Systems for Ubiquitous Computing", in IEEE Computer, Vol. 34, No. 8, pp. 57-66, 2001.
- B. Karp and H. T. Kung, "GPSR: Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Networks", in Proceedings of ACM Mobicom, pp. 243-254, 2000
- A Rao, S Ratnasamy, C Papadimitriou, S Shenker and I. Stoica, "Geographic routing without location information", in Proceedings of ACM Mobicom, pp. 96-108, 2003
- S. Lee, B. Bhattacharjee, and S. Banerjee, "Efficient geographic routing in multihop wireless networks," Proc. 6th ACM International symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing - MobiHoc '05, pp. 230-241, 2005.
- M. Heissenbuttel, T. Braun, M. Walchli and T. Bernoulli. "Evaluating of the limitations and alternatives in beaconing", in Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 558-578, 2007
- A. Bar-Noy, I. Kessler, and M. Sidi, "Mobile users: To update or not to update?" ACM-Baltzer J. Wireless Netw. , Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 175–186, 1995
- S Tabbane, "Location management methods for third generation mobile systems," IEEE Commun. Mag. , vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 72–84, 1997
- Ivan Stagmenovic, "Home Agent Based Location Update and Destination Search Schemes in Ad Hoc Networks", 1999
- J. Ho and I. F. Akyildiz, "Mobile user location update and paging under delay constraints," ACM/Baltzer J. Wireless Networks, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 413–425, 1995.
- Q. Chen, S. Kanhere, M. Hassan, and K. -c. Lan, "Adaptive Position Update in Geographic Routing", IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 4046–4051, 2006
- X. Shi and K. Liu, "A contention-based beaconless geographic routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks", Third International Conference on Communications and Networking, pp. 840 – 843, 2008
- G. Y. Lee and Y. Lee, "Numerical analysis of optimum timer value for time-based location registration scheme," IEEE Commun. Lett. , Vol. 6, No. 10, pp. 431–433, 2002.
- C. Rose, "Minimizing the average cost of paging and registration: A timer based method," Wirel Netw, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 109–116, 1996
- Wenchao Ma, Member, Yuguang Fang, and Phone Lin, "Mobility Management Strategy Based on User Mobility Patterns in Wireless Networks", IEEE Transactions ON Vehicular Technology, Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 322-330, 2007
- Goo Yeon Lee, Yong Lee, and Zygmunt J. Haas, "Hybrid Location-Update Scheme for Mobile Networks", IEEE Transactions On Vehicular Technology, Vol. 58, No. 1, pp. 338-348, 2009
- S. H. Shah and K. Nahrstedt, "Predictive location-based QoS routing in mobile ad hoc networks," IEEE International Conference on Communications, Vol. 2, pp. 1022-1027, 2002
- C. Chou, K. Ssu, and H. Jiau, "Dynamic route maintenance for geographic forwarding in mobile ad hoc networks," Computer Networks, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 418–431, 2008
- D. Son, A. Helmy, and B. Krishnamachari, "The Effect of Mobility-Induced Location Errors on Geographic Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks: Analysis and Improvement Using Mobility Prediction," IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 233–245, 2004
- N. Palanisamy, Dr. V. Muralibhaskaran, Mobility adaptive location based update for geographical routing in highly dynamic mobility environment. http://www. ijcotjournal. org/special/ICISETM-2014-proceedings. pdf. 13th April- 2014. Page 220 to 223.
Index Terms
Keywords