We apologize for a recent technical issue with our email system, which temporarily affected account activations. Accounts have now been activated. Authors may proceed with paper submissions. PhDFocusTM
CFP last date
20 December 2024
Call for Paper
January Edition
IJCA solicits high quality original research papers for the upcoming January edition of the journal. The last date of research paper submission is 20 December 2024

Submit your paper
Know more
The week's pick
Responsive image
Improved Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm with Self-Adaptive Shuffling for Fuzzy Logic PD+G Controller Optimization in Robotic Manipulators

Duc Hoang Nguyen
Random Articles
Reseach Article

A Review on Software Algorithms for Optical Recognition of Embossed Braille Characters

by Shreekanth. T, V. Udayashankara
journal cover thumbnail

International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 81 - Number 3
Year of Publication: 2013
Authors: Shreekanth. T, V. Udayashankara
10.5120/13993-2015

Shreekanth. T, V. Udayashankara . A Review on Software Algorithms for Optical Recognition of Embossed Braille Characters. International Journal of Computer Applications. 81, 3 ( November 2013), 25-35. DOI=10.5120/13993-2015

@article{ 10.5120/13993-2015,
author = { Shreekanth. T, V. Udayashankara },
title = { A Review on Software Algorithms for Optical Recognition of Embossed Braille Characters },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { November 2013 },
volume = { 81 },
number = { 3 },
month = { November },
year = { 2013 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 25-35 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume81/number3/13993-2015/ },
doi = { 10.5120/13993-2015 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2024-02-06T21:55:08.109831+05:30
%A Shreekanth. T
%A V. Udayashankara
%T A Review on Software Algorithms for Optical Recognition of Embossed Braille Characters
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 81
%N 3
%P 25-35
%D 2013
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

Optical Braille Recognition (OBR) system is computer software that automates the process of acquiring and processing images of Braille documents. It converts images of embossed Braille characters into their corresponding natural language characters. This involves few steps that include: Image Acquisition, Image pre-processing, segmentation, dot recognition and converting into computerized textual form. This review traces the earlier works carried out by the researchers on the development of OBR. In this study we try to highlight on the existing OBR solutions with special emphasis on dot recognition of the Embossed Braille Image characters.

References
  1. J. P Dubus, M. Benjelloun, V. Devlaminck, F. Wauquier, and P. Altmayer, "Image Processing techniques to perform an autonomous System to translate relief Braille back into ink called LectoBraille", IEEE 10th International Conference in Medicine and Biology Society, New Orleans, Nov. 1988, pp 1585-84.
  2. Jan Mennens "Optical recognition of Braille writing", IEEE 1993. pp 428-431.
  3. Mennens, J. , et al, "Optical Recognition of Braille Writing Using Standard Equipment", IEEE transactions of rehabilitation engineering, Vol. 2, No. 4, December 1994Tavel, P. 2007 Modeling and Simulation Design. AK Peters Ltd.
  4. Hentzschel, T. W. , and P. Blenkhorn, "An Optical Reading Systems for Embossed Braille Characters using a Twin Shadows Approach", Journal of Microcomputer Applications, pp. 341-345. 1995.
  5. Blenkhorn, P. , "A System for Converting Braille into Print", IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering, Vol. 3, No. 2, June 1995.
  6. Ritchings, R. T. , Antonacopoulos, A. , Drakopoulos, D. : "Analysis of Scanned Braille Documents", In: Dengel, A. , Spitz, A. L. (eds. ): Document Analysis Systems, World Scientific Publishing Company (1995) 413–421.
  7. Oyama, Y. , T. Tajima, and H. Koga, "Character Recognition of Mixed Convex- Concave Braille Points and Legibility of Deteriorated Braille Points",System and Computer in Japan, Vol. 28, No. 2, 1997.
  8. C. Ng, V. Ng and Y. Lau, "Regular feature extraction for recognition of Braille". Third International conference on computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications, 1999. ICCIMA '99 Proceedings, Page 302—306,1999.
  9. Tomoaki Yoshida Akihisa Ohya Shin'ichi Yuta, "Braille Block Detection for Autonomous Mobile Robot Navigation" Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. pp. 633-638
  10. I. Murray and T. Dias. "A portable device for optically recognizing braille - part I: hardware development". In The Seventh Australian and New Zealand Intelligent Information Systems Conference 2001, pages 129–134, 2001.
  11. I. Murray and T. Dias. "A portable device for optically recognizing braille - part II: software development". In The Seventh Australian and New Zealand Intelligent Information Systems Conference 2001, pages 141–146, 2001.
  12. G. Morgavi and M. Morando, ?"A neural network hybrid model for an optical Braille recognition", International Conference on Signal, Speech and Image Processing 2002 (ICOSSIP 2002), 2002.
  13. Anupam Basu, Debasish Sen , Shiraj Sen and Soumen Chakraborty "An Indian Language Speech Synthesizer –Techniques and Applications" National Systems Conference, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, december 17-19, 2003
  14. Al-Salman, A. and Al-Khalifa, H. , "Towards a Computerized Arabic Braille Environment," Software Practice and Experience. Vol. 33. No. 6. May 2003. pp. 497-508.
  15. A. Antonacopoulos and D. Bridson "A Robust Braille Recognition System". Document Analysis Systems VI, A. Dengel and S. Marinai (Eds. ), Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS 3163, 2004, pp. 533-545.
  16. Wong, L. , Abdulla, W. , Hussmann, S. : "A Software Algorithm Prototype for Optical Recognition of Embossed Braille". IEEE-2004. In: 17th Conference of the International Conference in Pattern Recognition, Cambridge, UK, pp. 23–26.
  17. Nestor Falcon, Carlos M. Travieso, Jestis B. Alonso and Miguel A Ferrer, "Image Processing Techniques for Braille writing Recognitor", EUROCAST 2005, LNCS 3643.
  18. Mihara, Y. , A. Sugimoto, E. Shibayama and S. Takahashi. "An interactive braille-recognition system for the visually impaired based on a portable camera". 2005
  19. Zhang, Xuan; Ortega-Sanchez, Cesar; Murray, Iain; "Hardware-based Text-to-Braille Translator", Eighth International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, ASSETS 2006, pp. 229-230.
  20. Namba, M. , Zhang, Z. : "Cellular Neural Network for Associative Memory and Its Application to Braille Image Recognition". IEEE-2006. In: Proc. of International Joint Conference Neural Networks 2006, pp. 4716–4721
  21. Zhang S and Yoshino K "A braille recognition system by the mobile phone with embedded camera". ICICIC 2007: 1321-1324
  22. Abdul Malik Al-Salman, Yosef ALOHAI, Mohammed ALKanhal and Abdulla AIRajith. "An Arabic Optical Braille Recognition System". ICTA 2007 April 12-14
  23. Hammamet, Tunisia. Tai, Z. , Cheng, S. , Verma, P. : "Braille Document Parameters Estimation for Optical Character Recognition". Springer, Berlin(2008).
  24. Amany Al-saleh,Ali El-Zaat, and AbdulMalik AlSalman. "Dot Detection of Optical Braille Images for Baille Cells Recognition". K. Miesenbeger et al. (Eds):ICCHP 2008,LNCS5105, 2008, pp. 821-826.
  25. Zhenfei Tai, Samuel Cheng, and Pramode Verma. "Braille Document Parameters Estimation for Optical Character Recognition". G. Bebis et al. (Eds. ): ISVC 2008, Part II, LNCS 5359, 2008, pp. 905–914.
  26. Yoosefi Babadi, M. , Nasihatkon, B. , Azimifar, Z. , Fieguth, P. : "Probabilistic estimation of Braille document parameters". IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2001–2004(2009).
  27. M. Abdelmonem, M. El-Hoseiny, A. Ali, K. Emara, H. Abdel Hafez, A. Gamal, 2009. "Dynamic Optical Braille Recognition (OBR) System" in Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, & Pattern Recognition IPCV'09, Las Vegas Nevada, USA, pp. 779-786
  28. AbdulMalik S. Al-Salman, Ali El-Zaart, Yousef Al-Suhaibani, Khaled Al-Hokail, AbdulAziz O. Al-Qabbany. "An Efficient Braille Cells Recognition". IEEE-2010.
  29. Jia Yin, Lirong Wang and Jie Li. "The Research on Paper-mediated Braille Automatic Recognition Method" IEEE-2010 Fifth International Conference on Frontier of Computer Science and Technology, pp 619-624.
  30. Saad D. Al-Shamma and Sami Fathi. "Arabic Braille Recognition and Transcription into Text and Voice". IEEE-2010, 5th Cairo International Biomedical Engineering Conference Cairo, Egypt, December 16-18 2010.
  31. Jie Li, Xiaoguang Yan, "Optical Braille Character Recognition with Support-Vector Machine Classifier". 2010 International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling (ICCASM 2010).
  32. L. Jie; Y. Xiaoguang; Z. Dayong, 2010. "Optical Braille recognition with Haar wavelet features and Support-Vector Machine", in Computer, Mechatronics, Control and Electronic Engineering International Conference (CMCE'10), Changchun, pp. 64 – 67.
  33. Rawan Ismail Zaghloul Tomader Jameel Bani-Ata "Braille Recognition System – With a Case Study Arabic Braille Documents",European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol. 62 No. 1 (2011), pp. 116-122.
  34. J. Bhattacharya, S. Majumder and G. Sanyal "Automatic Inspection of Braille character: A Vision based approach". International Journal of computer and Organisation trends – volume1, Issue3 -2011, ISSN: 2249-2593, pp. 19-26
  35. Srinath S. , C. N. Ravi Kumar, "An Insight into Optical Braille Character Recognition since its Conceptualisation", International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 33, No. 6 November 2011.
  36. Mohd Wajid, Mohammad Waris Abdullah and Omar Farooq, "Imprinted Braille-Character Pattern Recognition using Image Processing Techniques". IEEE- 2011. International Conference on Image Information Processing.
  37. Amany Al-Saleh, Ali El-Zaart and Abdul Malik Al-Salman, "Dot Detection of Braille Images Using A Mixture of Beta Distributions" , 2011 Journal of Computer Science ISSN 1549-3636 pp-1749-1759.
  38. Shumet Tadasse, A Masters thesis on "Feature Extraction and Classification schemes for Enhancing Braille Recognition system", submitted to the school of graduate studies of Addis, June 2011.
  39. Li Nian-feng Wang Li-rong "A kind of Braille paper automatic marking system" 2011 International Conference on Mechatronic Science, Electric Engineering and Computer August 19-22, 2011, Jilin, China
  40. M. Yousefi , M. Famouri, B. Nasihatkon, Z. Azimifar and P. Fieguth "A robust probabilistic Braille recognition system" IJDAR (2012) 15:253–266
  41. AbdulMalik AlSalman, Ali El-Zaart, Saleh Al-Salman, Abdu Gumaei, "A Novel Approach for Braille Images Segmentation" IEEE-2012.
  42. Sang-Jun Park and Dongwon Shin, "PCA-Based Image Recognition of Braille Blocks for Guiding the Visually Handicapped", Springer-2012. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing December Vol. 13, No. 12, Pp. 2115-2120.
  43. Zainab. Authman, Zamen F. Jebr, "Algorithm Prototype for Regular Feature Extraction of Arabic Braille Scripts" International Journal of Scientific Knowledge Computing and Information Technology ISSN 2305-1493, February 2013. Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 20-27
  44. Santanu Halder, Abul Hasnat, Amina Khatun, Debotosh Bhattacharjee, Mita Nasipuri "Development of a Bangla Character Recognition (BCR) System for Generation of Bengali Text from Braille Notation" International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-3, Issue-1, June 2013
  45. Neovision s. r. o, 2004. "Optical Braille Recognition System Version 3. 7 User manual".
  46. Censusof India website –Census 2001, Statement 5, http://censusindia. gov. in/Census_Data2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement5. html
  47. "World Braille Usage". Third Edition. Perkins. International Council on English Braille. National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped.
  48. WorldBrailleUsage. UNESCO. National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. Library of Congress. Washington, D. C. , USA. 1990
  49. M. Paul Lewis, Ed. , Ethnolouge: Languages of the World, Sixteenth Edition. SIL International, 2009.
  50. WHO Available at: http://www. who. int
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Braille Inter-Point Braille Braille Cell Dimensions Grade I Grade II Grade III.

Powered by PhDFocusTM