CFP last date
20 January 2025
Reseach Article

Biometrics Security: Facial Marks Detection from the Low Quality Images

by Ziaul Haque Choudhury, K. M. Mehata
International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 66 - Number 8
Year of Publication: 2013
Authors: Ziaul Haque Choudhury, K. M. Mehata
10.5120/11108-5774

Ziaul Haque Choudhury, K. M. Mehata . Biometrics Security: Facial Marks Detection from the Low Quality Images. International Journal of Computer Applications. 66, 8 ( March 2013), 33-41. DOI=10.5120/11108-5774

@article{ 10.5120/11108-5774,
author = { Ziaul Haque Choudhury, K. M. Mehata },
title = { Biometrics Security: Facial Marks Detection from the Low Quality Images },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { March 2013 },
volume = { 66 },
number = { 8 },
month = { March },
year = { 2013 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 33-41 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume66/number8/11108-5774/ },
doi = { 10.5120/11108-5774 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2024-02-06T21:21:52.338185+05:30
%A Ziaul Haque Choudhury
%A K. M. Mehata
%T Biometrics Security: Facial Marks Detection from the Low Quality Images
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 66
%N 8
%P 33-41
%D 2013
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

Face recognition indeed plays a major rule in the biometrics security environment. Facial marks as for example freckles, moles, scars etc that are soft biometric traits have played a crucial role in identifying the human face. To provide secure authentication, we require robust methodology for recognizing and authentication of the human face. However, there are numbers of difficulties in recognizing the human face and authentication of the person perfectly. The difficulty includes low quality of images due to sparse dark or light disturbances. To overcome such kind of problems, powerful algorithms are required to filter the images and detect the face and facial marks. This technique comprise extensively of detecting the different facial marks from that of low quality images which have salt and pepper noise in them. Initially we applied (AMF) Adaptive Median Filter to filter the images. The filtered images are then extracted to detect the primary facial feature using a powerful algorithm like Active Shape Model (ASM) into Active Appearance Model (AAM). Finally, the features are extracted using feature extractor algorithm Gradient Location Orientation Histogram (GLOH).

References
  1. P. N. Belhumeur, J. P. Hespanha, and D. J. Kriegman. "Eigen-faces vs. fisherfaces: recognition using class specific linear projection. " IEEE Trans. PAMI, 19(7):711–720, 1997.
  2. Samuel Morillas, Valent´?n Gregori and Almanzor Sapena, "Adaptive Marginal Median Filter for Colour Images" Sensors 2011, 11, 3205-3213; doi:10. 3390/s110303205.
  3. D. Lin and X. Tang. "From macrocosm to microcosm. " In Proc. CVPR, pages 1355–1362, 2006.
  4. T. Lindeberg. "Feature detection with automatic scale selection. " International Journal of Computer Vision, 30(2):79–116, 1998.
  5. D. G. Lowe. "Distinctive image features from scale invariant keypoints. " International Journal of Computer Vision, 60(2):91–110, 2004.
  6. S. Milborrow and F. Nicolls. "Locating facial features with an ext-ended active shape model. " ECCV, 2008. http://www. milbo. users. sonic. net/stasm.
  7. U. Park and A. K. Jain. "Face matching and retrieval using soft biometrics. " IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Sec-urity, 5(3):406–415, 2010.
  8. U. Park, Y. Tong, and A. K. Jain. "Age invariant face recogniti-on. " IEEE Transactions on Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. , 32(5):947–954, 2010.
  9. P. S. Penev and J. J. Atick. "Local feature analysis: a general statistical theory for object representation. " Network: Computation in Neural Systems, 7:477–500, 1996.
  10. P. J. Phillips, W. T. Scruggs, A. J. O'Toole, P. J. Flynn, K. W. Bowyer, C. L. Schott, and M. Sharpe. "Face Recognition Vendor Test 2006: FRVT 2006 and ICE 2006 Large-Scale Results, Tech. " Report NISTIR 7408, NIST, 2007.
  11. J. S. Pierrard and T. Vetter. "Skin detail analysis for face recognition. " In Proc. CVPR, pages 1–8, 2007.
  12. L. Wiskott, J. -M. Fellous, N. Kruger, and C. von der Malsburg. "Face recognition by elastic bunch graph matching. " IEEE Trans. PAMI, 19(7):775–779, 1997.
  13. N. A. Spaun, "Forensic biometrics from images and video at the Federal Bureau of Investigation," in Proc. BTAS, 2007, pp. 1–3.
  14. N. A. Spaun, "Facial comparisons by subject matter experts: Their role in biometrics and their training," in Proc. ICB, 2009, pp. 161–168.
  15. O. Déniz, G. Bueno, J. Salido, F. De la Torre, "Face recognition using Histograms of Oriented Gradients" Pattern Recognition Letters 32 (2011) 1598–1603.
  16. T. F. Cootes, G. J. Edwards, and C. J. Taylor, "Active appearance models," in Proc. ECCV, 1998, vol. 2, pp. 484–498.
  17. M. B. Stegmann, "The AAM-API: An open source active appearance model implementation," in Proc. MICCAI, 2003, pp. 951–952.
  18. C. J. Bradley, "The Algebra of Geometry: Cartesian, Areal and Projective Co-ordinates. " Bath: Highperception, 2007.
  19. R. O. Duda and P. E. Hart, "Pattern Classification and Scene Analysis," 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 1995.
  20. A. K. Jain, K. Nandakumar, and A. Ross, "Score normalization in multimodal biometric systems," Pattern Recognit. ,vol. 38,no. 12,pp. 2270–2285,2005.
  21. Krystian Mikolajczyk and Cordelia Schmid, "A performance evaluation of local descriptors" MIKOLAJCZYK AND SCHMID: A PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF LOCAL DESCRIPTORS.
  22. Hong-rui Wang, Jian-li Yang, Hai-jun Sun, Dong Chen, Xiu-ling Liu, "An improved Region Growing Method for Medical Image Selection and Evaluation Based on Canny Edge Detection" 978-1-4244-6581-1/11/$26. 00 ©2011 IEEE.
  23. John Canny, "A computational approach to edge detection", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intellgence, vol. PAMI-8, No. 6, November 1986.
  24. Mikolajczyk, K. , Schmid, C. "Indexing based on scale invariant interest points. " In: ICCV. Volume 1. (2001) 525 – 531.
  25. N. A. Spaun, "Forensic biometrics from images and video at the Federal Bureau of Investigation," in Proc. BTAS, 2007, pp. 1–3.
  26. N. A. Spaun, "Facial comparisons by subject matter experts: Their role in biometrics and their training," in Proc. ICB, 2009, pp. 161–168.
  27. M. A. Turk and A. P. Pentland, "Face Recognition Using Eigenfaces," In Proceedings, IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 586-591, June 1991.
  28. JAEWON SUNG, TAKEO KANADE, DAIJIN KIM, "A Unified Gradient-Based Approach for Combining ASM into AAM" International Journal of Computer Vision 75(2), 297–309, 2007.
  29. D. G. Lowe, "Object recognition from local scale-invariant features," in Proc. Int. Conf. Computer Vision, Corfu, Greece, 2008, pp. 1150–1157.
  30. J. -E. Lee, A. K. Jain, and R. Jin, "Scars, marks and tattoos (SMT): Soft biometric for suspect and victim identification," in Proc. Biometric Symposium, Biometric Consortium Conf. , 2008, pp. 1–8.
  31. S. Belongie, J. Malik, and J. Puzicha. Shape matching and object recognition using shape contexts. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 24(4):509. 522, 2002.
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Face recognition Facial marks Soft biometrics Active Shape Model Active Appearance Model Adaptive Median Filter GLOH