We apologize for a recent technical issue with our email system, which temporarily affected account activations. Accounts have now been activated. Authors may proceed with paper submissions. PhDFocusTM
CFP last date
20 November 2024
Reseach Article

A Combined Approach for Face Detection

by C. Victoria Priscilla, B. Poorna
International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 62 - Number 2
Year of Publication: 2013
Authors: C. Victoria Priscilla, B. Poorna
10.5120/10051-4638

C. Victoria Priscilla, B. Poorna . A Combined Approach for Face Detection. International Journal of Computer Applications. 62, 2 ( January 2013), 14-20. DOI=10.5120/10051-4638

@article{ 10.5120/10051-4638,
author = { C. Victoria Priscilla, B. Poorna },
title = { A Combined Approach for Face Detection },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { January 2013 },
volume = { 62 },
number = { 2 },
month = { January },
year = { 2013 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 14-20 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume62/number2/10051-4638/ },
doi = { 10.5120/10051-4638 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2024-02-06T21:10:35.455189+05:30
%A C. Victoria Priscilla
%A B. Poorna
%T A Combined Approach for Face Detection
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 62
%N 2
%P 14-20
%D 2013
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

This paper aims to detect the face in the digital image with the combination of morphological operations, Local Binary Pattern descriptor and with the moment invariants. In the digital image, the detection of face has gained much importance in the last decade, with enormous applications in the field of law enforcement and security. Although, to detect the face is an extremely simple task for the human eye, automating the process to a computer requires the use of various image processing techniques. In this paper since the combined approach is used, it strengthens the detection phase and also it helps to find the symmetric property of the face. Since the face detection is the initial step for face recognition, this proposed method can be used to detect the face in recognition of the face.

References
  1. Oliver Jesorsky, Klaus J. Kirchberg, and Robert W. Frischholz, "Robust Face Detecion Using the Hausdorff Distance", In Proc. Third International Conference on Audio- and Video-based Biometric Person Authentication, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS-2091, pp. 90–95, Halmstad, Sweden, 6–8 June 2001.
  2. R. Chellappa, C. L. Wilson, S. Sirohey, "Human and machine recognition of faces: A survey", Proc. of IEEE, V83, 1995, pp. 705-740.
  3. A. Samal, P. A. Iyengar "Automatic recognition and analysis of human faces and facial expressions: A survey", Pattern Recognition, 25(1), 1992, pp. 65-77.
  4. Raphael Feraud, Olivier J. Bernier, Jean-Emmanuel Viallet, and Michel Collobert, "A Fast and Accurate Face Detector Based on Neural Networks", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE, VOL. 23, NO. 1, JANUARY 2001
  5. J. Prakash, and K. Rajesh, "Human Face Detection and Segmentation using Eigenvalues of Covariance Matrix, Hough Transform and Raster Scan Algorithm", World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 39 ,2008.
  6. Emad Nikkhouy and Eimad Eldin Abdu Abusham, "Facial features detection using Eyes-Nose template", IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL. 11 No. 11, November 2011.
  7. K. Lam and H. Yan, "Fast Algorithm for Locating Head Boundaries," J. Electronic Imaging, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 351-359, 1994.
  8. B. Moghaddam and A. Pentland, "Probabilistic Visual Learning for Object Recognition," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 696-710, July 1997.
  9. I. Craw, D. Tock, and A. Bennett, "Finding Face Features," Proc. Second European Conf. Computer Vision, pp. 92-96, 1992.
  10. H. P. Graf, T. Chen, E. Petajan, and E. Cosatto, "Locating Faces and Facial Parts," Proc. First Int'l Workshop Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 41-46, 1995.
  11. Ming-Hsuan Yang, David J. Kriegman, and Narendra Ahuja, " Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey" , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE, VOL. 24, NO. 1, JANUARY 2002.
  12. Di Huang, Caifeng Shan, Mohsen Ardabilian, "Local Binary Patterns and Its Application to Facial Image Analysis: A Survey", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS—PART C: APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS, VOL. 41, NO. 6, NOVEMBER 2011.
  13. Ahonen T, Hadid A, Pietikainen M " Face Recognition with Local Binary Patterns" Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 3021. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York (2004) 469–481.
  14. Valtteri Takala, Timo Ahonen, and Matti Pietikainen,"Block-Based Methods for Image Retrieval Using Local Binary Patterns",H. Kalviainen et al. (Eds. ): SCIA 2005, LNCS 3540, pp. 882–891, 2005. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005
  15. T. Ojala, M. Pietikainen, and D. Harwood, "A comparative study of texture measures with classification based on feature distributions," Pattern Recognition, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 51–59,1996.
  16. H. Kalviainen et al. , ". Image Analysis with Local Binary Patterns", (Eds. ): SCIA 2005, LNCS 3540, pp. 115 – 118, 2005 Matti Pietikäinen,Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.
  17. Maragos, P. and Schafer, R. , "Morphological filters. Part II: their relations to median, order-statistics, and stack filters," IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. , vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 1170–1184, Aug. 1987b.
  18. R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, "Digital Image Processing". PrenticeHall, 3rd ed. , 2007.
  19. M. K. Hu, "Visual pattern recognition by moment invariants," IRE Trans. Information Theory, vol. 8, pp. 179–187, 1962
  20. F. Mokhtarian and A. Sadegh, "Shape similarity retrieval under affine transforms," Pattern Recognition, no. 35, pp. 31–41, 2002
  21. A. Zhao and J. Chen, "Affine curve moment invariants for shape recognition," Pattern Recognition, vol. 6, no. 30, pp. 895–901, 1997.
  22. J. Flusser and T. Suk, "Pattern recognition by affine moment invariants," Pattern Recognition, vol. 1, pp. 167–174, 1993.
  23. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image_moment
  24. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Accuracy
  25. Chin-Chuan Han, Hong-Yuan Mark Liao, Gwo-Jong Yu, Liang-Hua Chen, "Fast face detection via morphology-based pre-processing", Pattern Recognition 33 (2000) 1701}1712
  26. Arti Khaparde, Sowmya Reddy. Y Swetha Ravipudi, "Face Detection Using Color Based Segmentation and Morphological Processing –A Case Study", Proceedings of ISCET 2010, ISBN : 978-81-910304-0-2
  27. Jean-Christophe Terrillon, Martin David and Shigeru Akamatsu ,Automatic Detection of Human Faces in Natural Scene Images by Use of a Skin Color Model and of Invariant Moments, Proceedings of Third IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition FG'98,1998
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

face detection morphological operations Local Binary Pattern Moment invariants