We apologize for a recent technical issue with our email system, which temporarily affected account activations. Accounts have now been activated. Authors may proceed with paper submissions. PhDFocusTM
CFP last date
20 November 2024
Call for Paper
December Edition
IJCA solicits high quality original research papers for the upcoming December edition of the journal. The last date of research paper submission is 20 November 2024

Submit your paper
Know more
The week's pick
Responsive image
An Efficient Restoration Method for the Faint Dot Matrix Images

Ao Zhu Peng Cao
Random Articles
Reseach Article

A Cognitive Approach for Safe Sodium Phosphate Enema Administration by Implementing Wireless Body Area Network

by Deepraj Gautam, Holytiana Macha, Rajdeep, Mradul Kumar
journal cover thumbnail

International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 57 - Number 13
Year of Publication: 2012
Authors: Deepraj Gautam, Holytiana Macha, Rajdeep, Mradul Kumar
10.5120/9172-3573

Deepraj Gautam, Holytiana Macha, Rajdeep, Mradul Kumar . A Cognitive Approach for Safe Sodium Phosphate Enema Administration by Implementing Wireless Body Area Network. International Journal of Computer Applications. 57, 13 ( November 2012), 6-11. DOI=10.5120/9172-3573

@article{ 10.5120/9172-3573,
author = { Deepraj Gautam, Holytiana Macha, Rajdeep, Mradul Kumar },
title = { A Cognitive Approach for Safe Sodium Phosphate Enema Administration by Implementing Wireless Body Area Network },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { November 2012 },
volume = { 57 },
number = { 13 },
month = { November },
year = { 2012 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 6-11 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume57/number13/9172-3573/ },
doi = { 10.5120/9172-3573 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2024-02-06T21:00:19.571209+05:30
%A Deepraj Gautam
%A Holytiana Macha
%A Rajdeep
%A Mradul Kumar
%T A Cognitive Approach for Safe Sodium Phosphate Enema Administration by Implementing Wireless Body Area Network
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 57
%N 13
%P 6-11
%D 2012
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

Recent clinical analysis and medical examinations have reported a numerous adverse effects induced due to improper administration of sodium phosphate colonic preparations given to the patients. Sodium phosphate enema preparation is the treatment for bowel cleansing purposes prior to colonoscopy. It induces serious electrolytic abnormalities in the elderly of which intestinal potassium loss is more prevalent [1]. Inadequate elimination of potassium eventually results in multi-organ failure. This paper encompasses implementation of potassium based biosensors, microcontroller unit for processing and WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network) for precise dosage of sodium phosphate enema preparations. Crown ether layer deposited Ion selective Field Effect Transistor (ISFET) serves the purpose of determining potassium ion concentration in the human blood serum. The results of experimental characterization of the ISFET with ion selective coating as a function of K+ ion concentration have been demonstrated. This information gathered from MEMFET (Membrane Field effect transistor) is further carried to microcontroller unit for safe level detection of serum potassium level. . Each individual sensor nodes will directly transmit the sensed physiological data to a control unit (CCU) and then to remote stations for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes using UWB and WMTS bands.

References
  1. Mendoza J, Legido J, Rubio S, et al. "Systematic review: the adverse effects of sodium phosphate enema". Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;26:9–20.
  2. "Colon cleansing side effects", http://www. constipationandyou. com/colon-cleansing-side-effects
  3. Richards DG, McMillin DL, Mein EA, et al. Colonic irrigations: a review of the historical controversy and the potential for adverse effects. J Altern Complement Med. 2006;12:389–393.
  4. Ainley EJ, Winwood PJ, Begley JP. Measurement of serum electrolytes and phosphate after sodium phosphate colonoscopy bowel preparation: An evaluation. Dig Dis Sci. 2005;50:1319–1323.
  5. Cohan CF, Kadakia SC, Kadakia AS. Serum electrolyte, mineral, and blood pH changes after phosphate enema, water enema, and electrolyte lavage solution enema for flexible sigmoidoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 1992;38:575–578
  6. Farah R. Fatal acute sodium phosphate enemas intoxication. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2005 Jul-Sep;68(3):392-3.
  7. Reedy JC, Zwiren GT. Enema-induced hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia leading to cardiac arrest during induction of anesthesia in an outpatient surgery center. Anesthesiology. 1983 Dec;59(6):578-9.
  8. Biberstein M, Parker BA. Enema-induced hyperphosphatemia. Am J Med. 1985 Nov;79(5):645-6.
  9. Rohack JJ, Mehta BR, Subramanyam K. Hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemic coma associated with phosphate enema. South Med J. 1985 Oct;78(10):1241-2.
  10. "Bad side effects of colon cleansing", http://www. livestrong. com/article/124032-bad-side-effects-colon-cleansing/
  11. Bergveld, P. (2003). "Thirty years of ISFETOLOGY: What happened in the past 30 years and what may happen in the next 30 years". Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 88 (1): 1–20. doi:10. 1016/S0925-4005(02)00301-5. ISSN 0925-4005.
  12. Bergveld, P. (1986). "The development and application of FET-based biosensors". Biosensors 2 (1): 15–33. doi:10. 1016/0265-928X(86)85010-6. ISSN 0265-928X
  13. Duroux, P; C Emde, P Bauerfeind, C Francis, A Grisel, L Thybaud, D Armstrong, C Depeursinge, A L Blum (1991). "The ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) pH electrode: a new sensor for long term ambulatory pH monitoring. ". Gut 32 (3): 240–245. ISSN 0017-5749.
  14. VK Khanna, S Ahmad, YK Jain, M Jayalakshmi, S Vanaja, SS Madhavendra, et al. "Development potassium selective ion sensitive field effect transistor isfet depositing ionophoric crown ether membrane gate dielectric" Vol no. 14 in Indian Journal of Engineering Materials Sciences (2007).
  15. Kow Ming- Chang, Chih Chein Chang,, Kuo-Yie Chao and Jin- Li- Chen,J. Electrochem. Soc. 2010volume 157, issue 5, J143-J148.
  16. Erik Lauwers, Jan Suls, Walter Gumbrecht, David Maes, "A CMOS Multiparameter Biochemical Microsensor. With Temperature Control and Signal Interfacing", IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 2001, 36, 2030–2038.
  17. Salim. A Hanna, "Regulations and Standards for Wireless Medical Applications" ,Third International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT) 2009.
  18. R. Kohno, K. Hamaguchi, Huan-Bang Li, K. Takizawa, "R&D and standardization of body area network (BAN) for medical healthcare", IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband, 2008, ICUWB2008.
  19. S. ULLAH, P. KHAN, N. ULLAH, S. SALEEM, H. HIGGINS and K. Sup KWAK, "A Review of Wireless Body Area Networks for Medical Applications," Int'l J. of Communications, Network and System Sciences, Vol. 2 No. 8, 2009, pp. 797-803. doi: 10. 4236/ijcns. 2009. 28093.
  20. J. G. Cleland, K. Swedberg, and F. Follath, "A survey of the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe. Part 1: Patient characteristics and diagnosis," The Euro Heart Failure Survey Programme, Euro Heart Journal, pg 24, pp. 442–463, 2003.
  21. G. -Z Yang, "Body sensor networks," Springer, pp. 117–143, 2006.
  22. Jamil. Y. Khan and Mehmet R. Yuce " Wireless Body Area Netework ( WBAN) for medical applications".
  23. B. Latré, B. Braem, I. Moerman, C. Blondia, and P. Demeester, "A survey on wireless body area networks", presented at Wireless Networks, 2011, pp. 1-18.
  24. Jinyun Zhang, Fellow IEEE, Philip V. Orlik, Student Member IEEE, Zafer Sahinoglu, Senior Member IEEE, Andreas F. Molisch, Fellow IEEE, and Patrick Kinney, Member IEEE, "UWB systems for wireless sensor networks",Vol no. 97 Proceeding of IEEE journal, 2009 .
  25. H. Cao, et al. , "Demonstration of A Novel Wireless Three-pad ECG System for Generating Conventional 12-lead Signals," in 5th Annual International ICST Conference on Body Area Networks, Corfu Island, Greece, 2010.
  26. U. Anliker, et al. , "AMON: A Wearable Multiparameter Medical Monitoring and Alert System," IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 8, pp. 415-427, 2004.
  27. A. Pantelopoulos and N. G. Bourbakis, "A Survey on wearable systems for monitoring and early diagnosis for the elderly," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, vol. 1, pp. 1-12, 2010.
  28. Harrington L. , Schuh S. , "Complications of Fleet enema administration and suggested guidelines for use in the pediatric emergency department. " PubMed 1997 Jun;13(3):225-6
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Ultra Wide Band (UWB) Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) Ion selective field effect transistors (ISFET) ARM microcontroller safe enema

Powered by PhDFocusTM