Wireless sensor networks comprise the platform of a broad range of applications related to security system, surveillance, military, health care, and environmental monitoring. The sensor coverage problem has received lots of attention, being considerably driven by recent research in affordable and efficient integrated electronic devices. This problem is centered around a fundamental question: How well do the sensors observe the physical space? The coverage concept is subject to a wide range of interpretations due to a variety of sensors and their applications. Different coverage formulations have been proposed based on the pattern of sensor deployment and type of object to be covered as well as on other sensor network properties such as network connectivity and minimum energy consumption. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient coverage algorithm to extend the sensor network lifetime while maintaining sensing coverage by sensor replacement mechanism. This sensor replacement mechanism manages fault repair in absence of location information. These algorithms keep a small number of active sensor nodes for less energy consumption.

Coverage Connectivity Energy Efficiency Node scheduling Sensor networks Reliability