We apologize for a recent technical issue with our email system, which temporarily affected account activations. Accounts have now been activated. Authors may proceed with paper submissions. PhDFocusTM
CFP last date
20 November 2024
Reseach Article

Mapping Functions in Gaze Tracking

by S V Sheela, P A Vijaya
International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 26 - Number 3
Year of Publication: 2011
Authors: S V Sheela, P A Vijaya
10.5120/3080-4216

S V Sheela, P A Vijaya . Mapping Functions in Gaze Tracking. International Journal of Computer Applications. 26, 3 ( July 2011), 36-42. DOI=10.5120/3080-4216

@article{ 10.5120/3080-4216,
author = { S V Sheela, P A Vijaya },
title = { Mapping Functions in Gaze Tracking },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { July 2011 },
volume = { 26 },
number = { 3 },
month = { July },
year = { 2011 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 36-42 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume26/number3/3080-4216/ },
doi = { 10.5120/3080-4216 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2024-02-06T20:11:54.064384+05:30
%A S V Sheela
%A P A Vijaya
%T Mapping Functions in Gaze Tracking
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 26
%N 3
%P 36-42
%D 2011
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

Eye gaze is one of the powerful modes for interaction with the computer. Gaze estimation systems compute the direction of eye gaze. The gaze region on the screen determines the focus and attention of an individual. The gaze tracking systems consists of two major functionalities, feature extraction and determination of gaze mapping functions. The features are the parameters that characterize the pupil and the iris. The gaze mapping functions determine the coordinates on the screen based on interpolation or approximation. In this paper, an in depth analysis of mapping functions is dealt. An attempt has been made to understand the literature of gaze tracking systems.

References
  1. Zhiwei Zhu and Qiang Ji (2004) Eye and gaze tracking for interactive graphic display, Machine Vision and Applications, 15, 139-148.
  2. Pilun Piyasirivej (2005). Using eye gaze tracking for the usability evaluation of web sites, IADIS Virtual Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, 452-459.
  3. Dan Witzner Hansen and Qiang Ji (2010). In the Eye of the Beholder: A Survey of Models for Eyes and Gaze, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 32(3), 478-500.
  4. A.Duchowsky, Eye Tracking Methodology: Theory and Practice (2007). Springer Verlag, Second Edition.
  5. C.Morimoto and M.Mimica (2005). Eye gaze tacking techniques for interactive applications, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 98(1), 4-24.
  6. Javier Orozco, F. Xavier Roca and Jordi Gonzalez (2009). Real time gaze tracking with appearance based models, Machine Vision and Applications, 20(6), 353-364.
  7. Rikert T.D. and Jones M.J. (1998). Gaze estimation using morphable models, IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 436-441.
  8. Betke M. and Kawai J. (1999). International Workshop on Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems, 70-76.
  9. Kar-Han Tan, Kriegman D.J and Ahuja N. (2002). Appearance-based eye gaze estimation, IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision, 191-195.
  10. Hansen D.W., Hansen J.P., Nielsen M., Johansen A.S and Stegmann M.B. (2002). Eye typing using Markov and active appearance models, IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision, 132-136.
  11. Dong Hyun Yoo, Jae Heon Kim, Bang Rae Lee and Myoung Jin Chung (2002). Non-contact eye gaze tracking system by mapping of corneal reflections, IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 94-99.
  12. Zhiwei Zhu, Qiang Ji, Bennett K.P. (2006). Nonlinear Eye Gaze Mapping Function Estimation via Support Vector Regression, IEEE International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 1, 1132-1135.
  13. Shumeet Baluja and Dean Pomerleau (1993), Non-Intrusive Gaze Tracking Using Artificial Neural Networks, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 753-760.
  14. Wang J and Sung E (2001). Gaze determination via images of irises, Image Vision Computing, 19(12), 891-911.
  15. Jie Zhu and Jie Yang, Subpixel eye gaze tracking (2002). IEEE International Conference on automatic face and gesture recognition, 124-129.
  16. Motwani M.C. and Ji Q. (2001). 3D Face Pose Discrimination Using Wavelets. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 1, 1050-1053.
  17. Mohammad Hossein Khosravi and Reza Safabakhsha (2008). Human eye sclera detection and tracking using a modified time-adaptive self organizing map, Pattern Recognition, 41, 2571-2593.
  18. Kyung-Nam Kim and Ramakrishna R.S. (1999). Vision-based eye-gaze tracking for human computer interface, IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 324-329.
  19. Kiat L.C. and Ranganath S. (2004). One-time calibration eye gaze detection system, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2, 873-876.
  20. Weston Sewell and Oleg Komogortsev. (2010). “Real-Time Eye Gaze Tracking with an Unmodified Commodity Webcam Employing a Neural Network”, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1-12.
  21. Takehiko Ohno, Naoki Mukawa and Atsushi Yoshikawa (2002). Freegaze: a gaze tracking system for everyday gaze interaction, Symposium on Eye tracking research and applications, 125-132.
  22. Takehiko Ohno and Naoki Mukawa (2004). A free-head, simple calibration, gaze tracking system that enables gaze-based interaction, Symposium on Eye tracking research and applications, 115-122.
  23. 23 Wang J.G., Sung E. and Ronda Venkateswarlu (2003). Eye gaze estimation from a single image of one eye, IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, 136-143.
  24. Beymer D. and Flickner M. (2003). Eye gaze tracking using an active stereo head, IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 451-458.
  25. Eui Chul Lee and Kang Ryoung Park (2009). A robust eye gaze tracking method based on a virtual eyeball model, Machine Vision and Applications, 20, 319-337.
  26. Sheng-Wen Shih, Yu-Te Wu and Jin Liu (2000). A calibration-free gaze tracking technique, International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 4, 201-204.
  27. B. Noureddin, P.D. Lawrence and C.F. Man (2005). A non-contact device for tracking gaze in a human computer interface, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 98(1), 52-82.
  28. Kang Ryoung Park (2007). A real time gaze position estimation method based on a 3-D eye model, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 199-212.
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Appearance based method Feature based method Calibration Gaze mapping function