The growing demand for safe, transparent, and sustainable food supply chain has highlighted the limitations of traditional traceability systems in agriculture. Conventional approaches often face challenges such as data tampering, lack of trust among stakeholders, and inefficient record keeping. Blockchain provides a decentralized and tamper-resistant platform that can address these issues by ensuring secure data storage, transparency and real time tracking of agriculture products from farm to consumer. This paper explores the integration of blockchain for agriculture traceability, focusing on how distributed ledgers, smart contracts and cryptographic mechanism enhance accountability and trust among farmers, distributors, retailers and consumers. By enabling immutable records of production, processing and logistics, blockchain not only improves food safety and quality assurance but also strengthens consumer confidence and market competitiveness. In addition, it ensuring quality control at every stage. It also helps in reducing food fraud, counterfeit labeling and unauthorized modifications which are major risks in conventional systems. The technology further empowers small-scale farmers by providing them with transparent market access, fair trade opportunities and reliable digital identities. Moreover, blockchain-based systems support regulatory compliance by providing auditable and tamper-proof records for government authorities and certification bodies. The study also examines potential challenges such as scalability, interoperability, adaption barriers, energy consumption and the need for stakeholder awareness and training, while highlighting future opportunities for building more resilient, equitable, and sustainable agri-food ecosystems.

Blockchain traceability Agriculture supply chain Food safety Transparency Smart contracts Data security Consumer trust Sustainable Agri-food Systems Supply Chain Management Tamper-proof Records.