CFP last date
22 December 2025
Call for Paper
January Edition
IJCA solicits high quality original research papers for the upcoming January edition of the journal. The last date of research paper submission is 22 December 2025

Submit your paper
Know more
Random Articles
Reseach Article

Investigating Blockchain Consensus Models for Transparent and Efficient Insurance Systems

by Urvi Satish Kolawala, Veena Jokhakar
International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 187 - Number 57
Year of Publication: 2025
Authors: Urvi Satish Kolawala, Veena Jokhakar
10.5120/ijca2025925970

Urvi Satish Kolawala, Veena Jokhakar . Investigating Blockchain Consensus Models for Transparent and Efficient Insurance Systems. International Journal of Computer Applications. 187, 57 ( Nov 2025), 30-37. DOI=10.5120/ijca2025925970

@article{ 10.5120/ijca2025925970,
author = { Urvi Satish Kolawala, Veena Jokhakar },
title = { Investigating Blockchain Consensus Models for Transparent and Efficient Insurance Systems },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { Nov 2025 },
volume = { 187 },
number = { 57 },
month = { Nov },
year = { 2025 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 30-37 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume187/number57/investigating-blockchain-consensus-models-for-transparent-and-efficient-insurance-systems/ },
doi = { 10.5120/ijca2025925970 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2025-11-18T21:11:12.103286+05:30
%A Urvi Satish Kolawala
%A Veena Jokhakar
%T Investigating Blockchain Consensus Models for Transparent and Efficient Insurance Systems
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 187
%N 57
%P 30-37
%D 2025
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

Many industries are turning to blockchain as a potential new frontier, with benefits such as increased security and transparency and decentralisation. Through the analysis of consensus mechanisms, scalability, and sector-specific implementation issues related to blockchain development, this paper presents insights from 33 studies. Despite the operational complexity, hybrid consensus models like PoW/PoS and PBFT remain useful for balancing security as well as efficiency, according to key findings. It explores scaling solutions, including sharding and off-chain approaches, as well as their tradeoffs in cross-shard communication and trust.

References
  1. Castro, M., & Liskov, B. (1999). Practical Byzantine fault tolerance. Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI'99).Zhang, Y., et al. (2019). Sharding-based blockchain scalability solutions: A survey. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology, 11(2), 47-61.
  2. Zhang, Y., et al. (2019). Sharding-based blockchain scalability solutions: A survey. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology, 11(2), 47-61.
  3. Chen, L., et al. (2020). Security and performance analysis of decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols. Journal of Blockchain Research, 11(2), 67-92.Fröhlich, B. and Plate, J. 2000. The cubic mouse: a new device for three-dimensional input. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
  4. T. A. Syed, M. S. Siddique, A. Nadeem, A. Alzahrani, S. Jan and M. A. K. Khattak, "A Novel Blockchain-Based Framework for Vehicle Life Cycle Tracking: An End-to-End Solution," in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 111042-111063, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3002170.
  5. Ankit Kumar Jain, Nishant Gupta, Brij B. Gupta,A survey on scalable consensus algorithms for blockchain technology,Cyber Security and Applications,Volume3,2025,100065,ISSN 2772-9184,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csa.2024.100065.
  6. K. Kapadiya et al., "Blockchain and AI-Empowered Healthcare Insurance Fraud Detection: an Analysis, Architecture, and Future Prospects," in IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 79606-79627, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3194569.
  7. S. Dhingra, R. Raut, K. Naik and K. Muduli, "Blockchain Technology Applications in Healthcare Supply Chains—A Review," in IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 11230-11257, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3348813.
  8. A. Alnuaimi, A. Alshehhi, K. Salah, R. Jayaraman, I. A. Omar and A. Battah, "Blockchain- Based Processing of Health Insurance Claims for Prescription Drugs," in IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 118093-118107, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3219837.
  9. U. Khan, Z. Y. An and A. Imran, "A Blockchain Ethereum Technology-Enabled Digital Content: Development of Trading and Sharing Economy Data," in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 217045-217056, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3041317.
  10. A. A. Alhussayen, K. Jambi, M. Khemakhem and F. E. Eassa, "A Blockchain Oracle Interoperability Technique for Permissioned Blockchain," in IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 68130-68148, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3400672.
  11. M. Rifat Hossain, F. A. Nirob, A. Islam, T. M. Rakin and M. Al-Amin, "A Comprehensive Analysis of Blockchain Technology and Consensus Protocols Across Multilayered Framework," in IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 63087-63129, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3395536.
  12. B. Lashkari and P. Musilek, "A Comprehensive Review of Blockchain Consensus Mechanisms," in IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 43620-43652, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3065880.
  13. M. N. M. Bhutta et al., "A Survey on Blockchain Technology: Evolution, Architecture and Security," in IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 61048-61073, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3072849.
  14. S. Islam, M. J. Islam, M. Hossain, S. Noor, K. -S. Kwak and S. M. R. Islam, "A Survey on Consensus Algorithms in Blockchain-Based Applications: Architecture, Taxonomy, and Operational Issues," in IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 39066-39082, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3267047.
  15. A. Rustemi, F. Dalipi, V. Atanasovski and A. Risteski, "A Systematic Literature Review on Blockchain-Based Systems for Academic Certificate Verification," in IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 64679-64696, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3289598.
  16. E. Chukwu and L. Garg, "A Systematic Review of Blockchain in Healthcare: Frameworks, Prototypes, and Implementations," in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 21196-21214, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2969881.
  17. A. A. Omar et al., "A Transparent and Privacy-Preserving Healthcare Platform With Novel Smart Contract for Smart Cities," in IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 90738-90749, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3089601.
  18. N. Afraz, F. Wilhelmi, H. Ahmadi and M. Ruffini, "Blockchain and Smart Contracts for Telecommunications: Requirements vs. Cost Analysis," in IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 95653-95666, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3309423.
  19. S. Karnouskos, "Blockchain for Development in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic," in IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society, vol. 2, pp. 556-567, 2021, doi: 10.1109/OJIES.2021.3121549.
  20. S. Dhingra, R. Raut, K. Naik and K. Muduli, "Blockchain Technology Applications in Healthcare Supply Chains—A Review," in IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 11230-11257, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3348813.
  21. C. Santiago, S. Ren, C. Lee and M. Ryu, "Concordia: A Streamlined Consensus Protocol for Blockchain Networks," in IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 13173-13185, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3051796.
  22. A. Abugabah, N. Nizamuddin and A. A. Alzubi, "Decentralized Telemedicine Framework for a Smart Healthcare Ecosystem," in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 166575-166588, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3021823.
  23. F. Yang, W. Zhou, Q. Wu, R. Long, N. N. Xiong and M. Zhou, "Delegated Proof of Stake With Downgrade: A Secure and Efficient Blockchain Consensus Algorithm With Downgrade Mechanism," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 118541-118555, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2935149.
  24. J. Yang, C. Ma, D. Li and J. Liu, "Mapping the Knowledge on Blockchain Technology in the Field of Business and Management: A Bibliometric Analysis," in IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 60585-60596, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3179714.
  25. V. Deval et al., "Mobile Smart Contracts: Exploring Scalability Challenges and Consensus Mechanisms," in IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 34265-34288, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3371901.
  26. M. M. Islam, M. M. Merlec and H. P. IN, "Proof of Random Leader: A Fast and Manipulation-Resistant Proof-of-Authority Consensus Algorithm for Permissioned Blockchains Using Verifiable Random Function," in IEEE Transactions on Services Computing, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 1655-1668, May-June 2025, doi: 10.1109/TSC.2025.3536315.
  27. N. Weerasinghe, R. Mishra, P. Porambage, M. Liyanage and M. Ylianttila, "Proof-of-Monitoring (PoM): A Novel Consensus Mechanism for Blockchain-Based Secure Service Level Agreement Management," in IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 2783-2803, Sept. 2023, doi: 10.1109/TNSM.2023.3234862.
  28. M. Maslin, M. Watt and C. Yong, "Research Methodologies to Support the Development of Blockchain Standards," in Journal of ICT Standardization, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 249-268, 2019, doi: 10.13052/jicts2245-800X.734.
  29. M. Imran et al., "Research Perspectives and Challenges of Blockchain for Data-Intensive and Resource-Constrained Devices," in IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 38104-38122, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3162096.
  30. N. M. Nasir, S. Hassan and K. Mohd Zaini, "Securing Permissioned Blockchain-Based Systems: An Analysis on the Significance of Consensus Mechanisms," in IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 138211-138238, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3465869.
  31. Y. Wang et al., "Study of Blockchains’s Consensus Mechanism Based on Credit," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 10224-10231, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2891065.
  32. C. Vanmathi, A. Farouk, S. M. Alhammad, R. Mangayarkarasi, S. Bhattacharya and M. S. B. Kasyapa, "The Role of Blockchain in Transforming Industries Beyond Finance," in IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 148845-148867, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3468611.
  33. M. S. Peelam, B. K. Chaurasia, A. K. Sharma, V. Chamola and B. Sikdar, "Unlocking the Potential of Interconnected Blockchains: A Comprehensive Study of Cosmos Blockchain Interoperability," in IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 171753-171776, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3497298.
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Blockchain consensus mechanisms scalability smart contracts decentralized applications security interoperability