CFP last date
20 January 2025
Reseach Article

Enhancing Hand Hygiene Training: Integrating Machine Learning with Glo Germ Visualization

by Sanaya Sinharoy
International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 186 - Number 25
Year of Publication: 2024
Authors: Sanaya Sinharoy
10.5120/ijca2024923730

Sanaya Sinharoy . Enhancing Hand Hygiene Training: Integrating Machine Learning with Glo Germ Visualization. International Journal of Computer Applications. 186, 25 ( Jun 2024), 27-32. DOI=10.5120/ijca2024923730

@article{ 10.5120/ijca2024923730,
author = { Sanaya Sinharoy },
title = { Enhancing Hand Hygiene Training: Integrating Machine Learning with Glo Germ Visualization },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { Jun 2024 },
volume = { 186 },
number = { 25 },
month = { Jun },
year = { 2024 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 27-32 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume186/number25/enhancing-hand-hygiene-training-integrating-machine-learning-with-glo-germ-visualization/ },
doi = { 10.5120/ijca2024923730 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2024-06-27T00:56:46.516217+05:30
%A Sanaya Sinharoy
%T Enhancing Hand Hygiene Training: Integrating Machine Learning with Glo Germ Visualization
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 186
%N 25
%P 27-32
%D 2024
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

This study investigates the potential of integrating an efficient, automated, no-code machine learning classification model with Glo Germ fluorescent visualization to enhance hand hygiene training for nurse educators and infection preventionists. This approach aims to streamline training processes, eliminating biases stemming from human error during direct observation under ultraviolet light, and ultimately contributes to reducing healthcare-associated infections through effective hand hygiene training. Methods: This study utilized Google's Teachable Machine - a web-based graphical user interface tool designed for developing custom machine learning classification models without requiring specialized coding skills. Simulated contamination of hands was achieved using Glo Germ. A diverse training dataset was created with images of germ-contaminated and germ-free hands. The model was trained and evaluated using varying Glo Germ quantities. Results: The trained model exhibited a 100% confidence rating in classifying germ-contaminated hand surfaces and an average confidence rating of 94% for germ-free hands. Overall, the model achieved a 97% average confidence rating across the test dataset. Conclusions: This study illustrates the feasibility of using machine learning classification alongside Glo Germ fluorescent visualization for the real-time detection of germs on hand surfaces. The integration of these techniques presents an efficient and accessible approach to enhance hand hygiene training methodologies for nurse educators and infection preventionists by: (i) providing automated and immediate visual feedback on handwashing effectiveness, (ii) addressing inherent limitations associated with in-person monitoring such as bias, and (iii) providing no-code machine learning tool to healthcare educators and practitioners who may lack coding experience.

References
  1. Rabie T, Curtis V: Handwashing and risk of respiratory infections: A quantitative systematic review. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 11(3), 258–267 (2006).
  2. Munoz-Price LS, Birnbach DJ. Hand hygiene and anesthesiology. International Anesthesiology Clinics. 2013;51(1):79–92.
  3. Graves N, Page K, Martin E, Brain D, Hall L, Campbell M, et al. Cost-effectiveness of a national initiative to improve hand hygiene compliance using the outcome of healthcare associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(2): e0148190.
  4. Pittet D, Simon A, Hugonnet S, Pessoa-Silva CL, Sauvan V, Perneger TV. Hand hygiene among physicians: performance, beliefs, and perceptions. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2004;141(1):1–8.
  5. White KM, Jimmieson NL, Graves N, Barnett A, Cockshaw W, Gee P, Page K, Campbell M, Martin E, Brain D, Paterson D. Key beliefs of hospital nurses’ hand-hygiene behaviour: protecting your peers and needing effective reminders. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 2015 Apr; 26(1):74–8.
  6. Kelcíkova S, Skodova Z, Straka S. Effectiveness of hand hygiene education in a basic nursing school curriculum: Public Health Nurs. 2012 Mar-Apr;29(2):152-9.
  7. Carter EJ, Mancino D, Hessels AJ, Kelly AM, Larson EL: Reported hours of infection education received positively associated with student nurses' ability to comply with infection prevention practices: Results from a nationwide survey. Nurse Educ Today. 2017 Jun;53: 19-25.
  8. Fishbein AB, Tellez I, Lin H, Sullivan C, Groll ME: Glow Gel Hand Washing in the Waiting Room: A Novel Approach to Improving Hand Hygiene Education. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 2011;32(7):661-666.
  9. Kısacık ÖG, Ciğerci Y, Güneş Ü: Impact of the fluorescent concretization intervention on effectiveness of hand hygiene in nursing students: A randomized controlled study. Nurse Educ Today. 2021 Feb;97: 104719.
  10. Suen LKP, Wong JWS, Lo KYK, Lai TKH: The use of hand scanner to enhance hand hygiene practice among nursing students: A single-blinded feasibility study. Nurse Educ Today. 2019 May;76: 137-147.
  11. Pessin YJ, Matthews EP. Glow Powder: See the Germs? An Innovative Teaching Technique in a Student Sonography Laboratory. Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. 2019;35(5):363-372.
  12. Glo Germ™ Company, product information. Available at: https://www.glogerm.com/bioterrorism.html. Accessed December 15, 2022.
  13. Pineles LL, Morgan DJ, Limper HM, et al. Accuracy of a radiofrequency identification (RFID) badge system to monitor hand hygiene behavior during routine clinical activities. American Journal of Infection Control. 2014; 42(2):144–7.
  14. Jeanes A, Coen PG, Gould DJ, Drey NS: Validity of hand hygiene compliance measurement by observation: A systematic review. Am J Infect Control. 2019; 47(3): 313-322.
  15. Byun H, Lee SH, Kim TH, Oh J, Chung JH: Feasibility of the Machine Learning Network to Diagnose Tympanic Membrane Lesions without Coding Experience. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2022, 12, 1855.
  16. Korot E, Guan Z, Ferraz D, Wagner SK, Zhang G, Liu X, Faes L, Pontikos N, Finlayson SG, Khalid H et al: Code-free deep learning for multi-modality medical image classification. Nature Machine Intelligence. 2021, 3, 288–298.
  17. Jeong, H: Feasibility Study of Google’s Teachable Machine in Diagnosis of Tooth-Marked Tongue. Journal of Dental Hygiene. Sci. 2020, 20, 206–212.
  18. Carney M, Webster B, Alvarado I, Phillips K, Howell N, Griffith J, Jongejan J, Pitaru A, Chen A : Teachable machine: Approachable Web-based tool for exploring machine learning classification. Extended abstracts of the 2020 CHI conference on human factors in computing, 2020.
  19. Google Teachable Machine. https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com. Accessed 21 June, 2024.
  20. World Health Organization (WHO): How to handwash and handrub. Available: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/health-topics/hand-hygiene-why-how-and-when-brochure.pdf. Accessed June 21, 2024.
  21. Google Teachable Machine – Model Training Page (see background information for Epochs, Batch Size, and Learning Rate): https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/train/image. Accessed 21 June, 2024.
  22. Lehotsky Á, Szilágyi L, Demeter-Iclănzan A, Haidegger T, Wéber G: Education of hand rubbing technique to prospective medical staff, employing UV-based digital imaging technology. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung. 2016;63: 217–228.
  23. Aouthmany S, Mehalik H, Bailey M, Pei M, Syed S, Brickman K, Morrison K, Khuder S: Use of ultraviolet light in graduate medical education to assess confidence among residents and fellows in handwashing instruction. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol. 2022 Apr 20;2(1):e65.
  24. Zhao Q, Yang MM, Huang YY, Chen W: How to make hand hygiene interventions more attractive to nurses: A discrete choice experiment. PLoS One. 2018 Aug 9;13(8): e0202014.
  25. Marra AR, Edmond MB. Hand Hygiene: State-of-the-Art Review with Emphasis on New Technologies and Mechanisms of Surveillance. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2012 Dec;14(6):585-91.
  26. Ward MA, Schweizer ML, Polgreen PM, Gupta K, Reisinger HS, Perencevich EN: Automated and electronically assisted hand hygiene monitoring systems: a systematic review. Am J Infect Control. 2014 May;42(5):472-478.
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences
Artificial intelligence
infection prevention
hand hygiene compliance
nurse education

Keywords

Hand hygiene glogerm machine learning teachable machine