CFP last date
20 December 2024
Call for Paper
January Edition
IJCA solicits high quality original research papers for the upcoming January edition of the journal. The last date of research paper submission is 20 December 2024

Submit your paper
Know more
The week's pick
Responsive image
Improved Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm with Self-Adaptive Shuffling for Fuzzy Logic PD+G Controller Optimization in Robotic Manipulators

Duc Hoang Nguyen
Random Articles
Reseach Article

An Overview of Blockchain-based Applications and Architectures for VANET

by Surjya Kanta Daimary, Hemanta Kumar Kalita
journal cover thumbnail

International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 185 - Number 30
Year of Publication: 2023
Authors: Surjya Kanta Daimary, Hemanta Kumar Kalita
10.5120/ijca2023923058

Surjya Kanta Daimary, Hemanta Kumar Kalita . An Overview of Blockchain-based Applications and Architectures for VANET. International Journal of Computer Applications. 185, 30 ( Aug 2023), 9-17. DOI=10.5120/ijca2023923058

@article{ 10.5120/ijca2023923058,
author = { Surjya Kanta Daimary, Hemanta Kumar Kalita },
title = { An Overview of Blockchain-based Applications and Architectures for VANET },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { Aug 2023 },
volume = { 185 },
number = { 30 },
month = { Aug },
year = { 2023 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 9-17 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume185/number30/32882-2023923058/ },
doi = { 10.5120/ijca2023923058 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2024-02-07T01:27:27.334473+05:30
%A Surjya Kanta Daimary
%A Hemanta Kumar Kalita
%T An Overview of Blockchain-based Applications and Architectures for VANET
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 185
%N 30
%P 9-17
%D 2023
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

The technology of VANET has evolved significantly, and the research is growing rapidly in present times, which helps in developing Intelligent Transport Systems and the Internet of Vehicles. The VANET helps in the effectiveness of traffic and provides better road communications, thus enhancing security, where data is being shared between moving vehicles with the help of roadside units (RSUs) and uses communication channels like WLAN and DSRC or may use cellular technologies like LTE and 5G. VANETs have several commercialization obstacles, though they can provide safety and management of traffic, as VANET cannot assure internet connectivity, and thus issues occur when using VANET-based applications used by drivers and passengers. Those applications may not guarantee a significant level of accuracy at times. Meanwhile, VANETs integrated with Blockchain has emerged as cutting-edge vehicular technology to overcome the limitations of traditional VANETs by establishing high mobility, secured connectivity among vehicles and roadside units, and providing high interactivity with personal devices. This survey provides an outline of several papers about Blockchain-based applications in VANETs further generalizes some limitations present in their work, and highlights future development in blockchain-based VANETs.

References
  1. Sohail Abbas, Manar Abu Talib, Afaf Ahmed, Faheem Khan, Shabir Ahmad, and Do-Hyeun Kim. Blockchain-based authentication in internet of vehicles: A survey. Sensors, 21(23):7927, 2021.
  2. AFM Suaib Akhter, Mohiuddin Ahmed, AFM Shahen Shah, Adnan Anwar, ASM Kayes, and Ahmet Zengin. A blockchain-based authentication protocol for cooperative vehicular ad hoc network. Sensors, 21(4):1273, 2021.
  3. AFM Suaib Akhter, Mohiuddin Ahmed, AFM Shahen Shah, Adnan Anwar, and Ahmet Zengin. A secured privacypreserving multi-level blockchain framework for cluster based vanet. Sustainability, 13(1):400, 2021.
  4. Abdullah Alharthi, Qiang Ni, and Richard Jiang. A privacypreservation framework based on biometrics blockchain (bbc) to prevent attacks in vanet. Ieee Access, 9:87299–87309, 2021.
  5. Tejasvi Alladi, Vinay Chamola, Nishad Sahu, Vishnu Venkatesh, Adit Goyal, and Mohsen Guizani. A comprehensive survey on the applications of blockchain for securing vehicular networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2022.
  6. Lylia Alouache, Nga Nguyen, Makhlouf Aliouat, and Rachid Chelouah. Credit based incentive approach for v2v cooperation in vehicular cloud computing. In Internet of Vehicles. Technologies and Services Towards Smart City: 5th International Conference, IOV 2018, Paris, France, November 20– 22, 2018, Proceedings 5, pages 92–105. Springer, 2018.
  7. Qurat-ul-Ain Arshad, Faisal Azam, Wazir Zada Khan, Muhammad Khurram Khan, and Mudassar Raza. Blockchain based decentralized trust management in iot: Systems, requirements and challenges. 2022.
  8. Nyothiri Aung, Tahar Kechadi, Sahraoui Dhelim, Tao Zhu, Aymen Dia Eddine Berini, and Tahar Guerbouz. Blockchain application on the internet of vehicles (iov). arXiv preprint arXiv:2205.03832, 2022.
  9. Haoye Chai, Supeng Leng, Ming Zeng, and Haoyang Liang. A hierarchical blockchain aided proactive caching scheme for internet of vehicles. In ICC 2019-2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pages 1–6. IEEE, 2019.
  10. Junhua Chen, Xia Zhang, and Pengfei Shangguan. Improved pbft algorithm based on reputation and voting mechanism. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, volume 1486, page 032023. IOP Publishing, 2020.
  11. Wendong Chen, Haiqin Wu, Xiao Chen, and Jinfu Chen. A review of research on privacy protection of internet of vehicles based on blockchain. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 11(4):86, 2022.
  12. El-hacen Diallo, Omar Dib, and Khaldoun Al Agha. A scalable blockchain-based scheme for traffic-related data sharing in vanets. Blockchain: Research and Applications, page 100087, 2022.
  13. Ali Dorri, Salil S Kanhere, Raja Jurdak, and Praveen Gauravaram. Lsb: A lightweight scalable blockchain for iot security and anonymity. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 134:180–197, 2019.
  14. Vasiliy Elagin, Anastasia Spirkina, Mikhail Buinevich, and Andrei Vladyko. Technological aspects of blockchain application for vehicle-to-network. Information, 11(10):465, 2020.
  15. Qi Feng, Debiao He, Sherali Zeadally, and Kaitai Liang. Bpas: Blockchain-assisted privacy-preserving authentication system for vehicular ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 16(6):4146–4155, 2019.
  16. Mohamed Amine Ferrag and Lei Shu. The performance evaluation of blockchain-based security and privacy systems for the internet of things: A tutorial. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 8(24):17236–17260, 2021.
  17. Geeksfor Geeks. Blockchainstructure.
  18. Sonia Alice George, Steffie Maria Stephen, and Arunita Jaekel. Blockchain-based pseudonym management scheme for vehicular communication. Electronics, 10(13):1584, 2021.
  19. Bachira Guehguih and Hongwei Lu. Blockchain-based privacy-preserving authentication and message dissemination scheme for vanet. In Proceedings of the 2019 5th International Conference on Systems, Control and Communications, pages 16–21, 2019.
  20. Wei Hu, Yawei Hu, Wenhui Yao, and Huanhao Li. A blockchain-based byzantine consensus algorithm for information authentication of the internet of vehicles. IEEE Access, 7:139703–139711, 2019.
  21. Rateb Jabbar, Eya Dhib, Ahmed Ben Said, Moez Krichen, Noora Fetais, Esmat Zaidan, and Kamel Barkaoui. Blockchain technology for intelligent transportation systems: A systematic literature review. IEEE Access, 10:20995–21031, 2022.
  22. Jannat Jamshaid and Nadeem Javaid. A distributed blockchain based decentralized trust management vehicular network in smart city. 2019.
  23. Uzair Javaid, Muhammad Naveed Aman, and Biplab Sikdar. A scalable protocol for driving trust management in internet of vehicles with blockchain. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 7(12):11815–11829, 2020.
  24. Abdul Rehman Javed, Muhammad Abul Hassan, Faisal Shahzad, Waqas Ahmed, Saurabh Singh, Thar Baker, and Thippa Reddy Gadekallu. Integration of blockchain technology and federated learning in vehicular (iot) networks: A comprehensive survey. Sensors, 22(12):4394, 2022.
  25. Gyanendra Prasad Joshi, Eswaran Perumal, K Shankar, Usman Tariq, Tariq Ahmad, and Atef Ibrahim. Toward blockchain-enabled privacy-preserving data transmission in cluster-based vehicular networks. Electronics, 9(9):1358, 2020.
  26. Adia Khalid, Muhammad Sohaib Iftikhar, Ahmad Almogren, Rabiya Khalid, Muhammad Khalil Afzal, and Nadeem Javaid. A blockchain based incentive provisioning scheme for traffic event validation and information storage in vanets. Information Processing & Management, 58(2):102464, 2021.
  27. Sowmya Kudva, Shahriar Badsha, Shamik Sengupta, Ibrahim Khalil, and Albert Zomaya. Towards secure and practical consensus for blockchain based vanet. Information Sciences, 545:170–187, 2021.
  28. Fuliang Li, Zhenbei Guo, Changsheng Zhang, Weichao Li, and Yi Wang. Atm: an active-detection trust mechanism for vanets based on blockchain. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 70(5):4011–4021, 2021.
  29. Hui Li, Lishuang Pei, Dan Liao, Song Chen, Ming Zhang, and Du Xu. Fadb: A fine-grained access control scheme for vanet data based on blockchain. IEEE Access, 8:85190– 85203, 2020.
  30. Lun Li, Jiqiang Liu, Lichen Cheng, Shuo Qiu,WeiWang, Xiangliang Zhang, and Zonghua Zhang. Creditcoin: A privacypreserving blockchain-based incentive announcement network for communications of smart vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 19(7):2204– 2220, 2018.
  31. Meng Li, Liehuang Zhu, and Xiaodong Lin. Efficient and privacy-preserving carpooling using blockchain-assisted vehicular fog computing. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(3):4573–4584, 2018.
  32. Xue Jun Li, Maode Ma, and Yong Xing Yong. A blockchainbased security scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks in smart cities. In TENCON 2021-2021 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON), pages 266–271. IEEE, 2021.
  33. Zhaojun Lu, Qian Wang, Gang Qu, and Zhenglin Liu. Bars: A blockchain-based anonymous reputation system for trust management in vanets. In 2018 17th IEEE International Conference On Trust, Security And Privacy In Computing And Communications/12th IEEE International Conference On Big Data Science And Engineering (TrustCom/BigDataSE), pages 98–103. IEEE, 2018.
  34. Bin Luo, Xinghua Li, Jian Weng, Jingjing Guo, and Jianfeng Ma. Blockchain enabled trust-based location privacy protection scheme in vanet. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 69(2):2034–2048, 2019.
  35. Leo Mendiboure, Mohamed Aymen Chalouf, and Francine Krief. Survey on blockchain-based applications in internet of vehicles. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 84:106646, 2020.
  36. Khaleel Mershad and Bilal Said. A blockchain model for secure communications in internet of vehicles. In 2020 IEEE/ACS 17th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA), pages 1–6. IEEE, 2020.
  37. Lam Duc Nguyen, Amari N Lewis, Israel Leyva-Mayorga, Amelia Regan, and Petar Popovski. B-ets: A trusted blockchain-based emissions trading system for vehicle-tovehicle networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.13477, 2021.
  38. Youngho Park, Chul Sur, Hyunwoo Kim, and Kyung-Hyune Rhee. A reliable incentive scheme using bitcoin on cooperative vehicular ad hoc networks. IT CoNvergence PRActice (INPRA), 5(4):34–41, 2017.
  39. Youngho Park, Chul Sur, and Kyung-Hyune Rhee. A secure incentive scheme for vehicular delay tolerant networks using cryptocurrency. Security and Communication Networks, 2018, 2018.
  40. Sandi Rahmadika, Kyeongmo Lee, and Kyung-Hyune Rhee. Blockchain-enabled 5g autonomous vehicular networks. In 2019 International Conference on Sustainable Engineering and Creative Computing (ICSECC), pages 275–280. IEEE, 2019.
  41. Nikhil Ravi and Chavi Kapoor. Block chain techniques to detect attacks on vanet system: A survey. In 2021 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Engineering and Management (ICIEM), pages 160–165. IEEE, 2021.
  42. Muhammad Saad, Muhammad Khalid Khan, and Maaz Bin Ahmad. Blockchain-enabled vehicular ad hoc networks: A systematic literature review. Sustainability, 14(7):3919, 2022.
  43. Naseem us Sehar, Osman Khalid, Imran Ali Khan, Faisal Rehman, Muhammad AB Fayyaz, Ali R Ansari, and Raheel Nawaz. Blockchain enabled data security in vehicular networks. Scientific Reports, 13(1):4412, 2023.
  44. Rohit Sharma and Suchetana Chakraborty. Blockapp: Using blockchain for authentication and privacy preservation in iov. In 2018 IEEE GlobecomWorkshops (GC Wkshps), pages 1–6. IEEE, 2018.
  45. Meng Shen, Hao Lu, Fei Wang, Huisen Liu, and Liehuang Zhu. Secure and efficient blockchain-assisted authentication for edge-integrated internet-of-vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 71(11):12250–12263, 2022.
  46. Rakesh Shrestha, Rojeena Bajracharya, and Seung Yeob Nam. Blockchain-based message dissemination in vanet. In 2018 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Computing, Communication and Security (ICCCS), pages 161–166. IEEE, 2018.
  47. Rakesh Shrestha, Rojeena Bajracharya, Anish P Shrestha, and Seung Yeob Nam. A new type of blockchain for secure message exchange in vanet. Digital communications and networks, 6(2):177–186, 2020.
  48. Madhusudan Singh and Shiho Kim. Branch based blockchain technology in intelligent vehicle. Computer Networks, 145:219–231, 2018.
  49. Pranav Kumar Singh, Roshan Singh, Sunit Kumar Nandi, Kayhan Zrar Ghafoor, Danda B Rawat, and Sukumar Nandi. Blockchain-based adaptive trust management in internet of vehicles using smart contract. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 22(6):3616–3630, 2020.
  50. Xifeng Wang, Changqiao Xu, Zan Zhou, Shujie Yang, and Limin Sun. A survey of blockchain-based cybersecurity for vehicular networks. 2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC), pages 740–745, 2020.
  51. Guangquan Xu, Hongpeng Bai, Jun Xing, Tao Luo, Neal N Xiong, Xiaochun Cheng, Shaoying Liu, and Xi Zheng. Sgpbft: A secure and highly efficient distributed blockchain pbft consensus algorithm for intelligent internet of vehicles. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 164:1–11, 2022.
  52. Yao-Tsung Yang, Li-Der Chou, Chia-Wei Tseng, Fan-Hsun Tseng, and Chien-Chang Liu. Blockchain-based traffic event validation and trust verification for vanets. IEEE Access, 7:30868–30877, 2019.
  53. Yingying Yao, Xiaolin Chang, Jelena Miˇsi´c, Vojislav B Miˇsi´c, and Lin Li. Bla: Blockchain-assisted lightweight anonymous authentication for distributed vehicular fog services. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(2):3775–3784, 2019.
  54. Haibin Zhang, Jiajia Liu, Huanlei Zhao, Peng Wang, and Nei Kato. Blockchain-based trust management for internet of vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing, 9(3):1397–1409, 2020.
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

VANET blockchain security Intelligent Transport System Internet-of-Vehicles

Powered by PhDFocusTM