CFP last date
20 December 2024
Call for Paper
January Edition
IJCA solicits high quality original research papers for the upcoming January edition of the journal. The last date of research paper submission is 20 December 2024

Submit your paper
Know more
The week's pick
Responsive image
Improved Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm with Self-Adaptive Shuffling for Fuzzy Logic PD+G Controller Optimization in Robotic Manipulators

Duc Hoang Nguyen
Random Articles
Reseach Article

An Empirical Study on the Evolution of Android Operating System in terms of Lehman’s Laws

by Nazifa Tasnim Hia, Nishat Tasnim Mim, Abdus Satter, Kishan Kumar Ganguly
journal cover thumbnail

International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 184 - Number 45
Year of Publication: 2023
Authors: Nazifa Tasnim Hia, Nishat Tasnim Mim, Abdus Satter, Kishan Kumar Ganguly
10.5120/ijca2023922559

Nazifa Tasnim Hia, Nishat Tasnim Mim, Abdus Satter, Kishan Kumar Ganguly . An Empirical Study on the Evolution of Android Operating System in terms of Lehman’s Laws. International Journal of Computer Applications. 184, 45 ( Feb 2023), 36-43. DOI=10.5120/ijca2023922559

@article{ 10.5120/ijca2023922559,
author = { Nazifa Tasnim Hia, Nishat Tasnim Mim, Abdus Satter, Kishan Kumar Ganguly },
title = { An Empirical Study on the Evolution of Android Operating System in terms of Lehman’s Laws },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { Feb 2023 },
volume = { 184 },
number = { 45 },
month = { Feb },
year = { 2023 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 36-43 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume184/number45/32609-2023922559/ },
doi = { 10.5120/ijca2023922559 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2024-02-07T01:24:02.363430+05:30
%A Nazifa Tasnim Hia
%A Nishat Tasnim Mim
%A Abdus Satter
%A Kishan Kumar Ganguly
%T An Empirical Study on the Evolution of Android Operating System in terms of Lehman’s Laws
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 184
%N 45
%P 36-43
%D 2023
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

Software evolution refers to the changes made to a software product to enhance its capabilities. In this phase, different software metrics are measured to ensure the maintainability status. Software evolution has some rules postulated by Lehman and his collaborators. Several empirical studies have been performed to analyze the trend of software evolution in different types of software. Observing the evolution and Lehman’s laws applicability in Android source code is the main objective of this research work. Various types of software metrics have been calculated to measure the change among releases. After that, using those metrics, the changing pattern has been analyzed and six out of eight Lehman’s laws have been found to be confirmed in Android source code evolution. The remaining law 4 and law 5 are difficult to determine as those require deeper empirical studies in the field of open-source software.

References
  1. Rowe, D., Leaney, J., & Lowe, D. (1994). Defining systems evolvability-a taxonomy of change. Change, 94, 541-545.
  2. Haris, M., Jadoon, B., Yousaf, M., & Khan, F. H. (2018). Evolution of android operating system: a review. Asia Pacific Journal of Contemporary Education and Communication Technology, 4(1), 178-188.
  3. Lehman, M. M. (1979). On understanding laws, evolution, and conservation in the large-program life cycle. Journal of Systems and Software, 1, 213-221.
  4. Lehman, M. M. (1980). Programs, life cycles, and laws of software evolution. Proceedings of the IEEE, 68(9), 1060-1076.
  5. Lehman, M. M., Ramil, J. F., Wernick, P. D., Perry, D. E., &Turski, W. M. (1997, November). Metrics and laws of software evolution-the nineties view. In Proceedings Fourth International Software Metrics Symposium (pp. 20-32). IEEE.
  6. Lehman, M. M. (1996, October). Laws of software evolution revisited. In European Workshop on Software Process Technology (pp. 108-124). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  7. Xie, G., Chen, J., &Neamtiu, I. (2009, September). Towards a better understanding of software evolution: An empirical study on open source software. In 2009 ieee international conference on software maintenance (pp. 51-60). IEEE.
  8. Saifan, A. A., Alsghaier, H., &Alkhateeb, K. (2018). Evaluating the understandability of android applications. International Journal of Software Innovation (IJSI), 6(1), 44-57.
  9. Israeli, A., &Feitelson, D. G. (2010). The Linux kernel as a case study in software evolution. Journal of Systems and Software, 83(3), 485-501.
  10. Amanatidis, T., &Chatzigeorgiou, A. (2016). Studying the evolution of PHP web applications. Information and Software Technology, 72, 48-67.
  11. Businge, J., Serebrenik, A., & Van Den Brand, M. (2010, September). An empirical study of the evolution of Eclipse third-party plug-ins. In Proceedings of the Joint ERCIM Workshop on Software Evolution (EVOL) and International Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution (IWPSE) (pp. 63-72).
  12. Grano, G., Di Sorbo, A., Mercaldo, F., Visaggio, C. A., Canfora, G., &Panichella, S. (2017, September). Android apps and user feedback: a dataset for software evolution and quality improvement. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGSOFT international workshop on app market analytics (pp. 8-11).
  13. Kaur, T., Ratti, N., & Kaur, P. (2014). Applicability of Lehman laws on open source evolution: a case study. International Journal of Computer Applications, 93(18), 0975-8887.
  14. Johari, K., & Kaur, A. (2011). Effect of software evolution on software metrics: an open source case study. ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, 36(5), 1-8.
  15. Yu, L., & Mishra, A. (2013). An empirical study of Lehman’s law on software quality evolution.
  16. Alenezi, M. (2021). Internal Quality Evolution of Open-Source Software Systems. Applied Sciences, 11(12), 5690.
  17. de Oliveira, R. P., Santos, A. R., de Almeida, E. S., & da Silva Gomes, G. S. (2017). Evaluating Lehman’s Laws of software evolution within software product lines industrial projects. Journal of Systems and Software, 131, 347-365.
  18. Sousa, B. L., Bigonha, M. A., & Ferreira, K. A. (2019, September). Analysis of coupling evolution on open source systems. In Proceedings of the XIII Brazilian Symposium on Software Components, Architectures, and Reuse (pp. 23-32).
  19. Saini, M., Arora, R., & Adebayo, S. O. (2022). In-Depth Analysis and Prediction of Coupling Metrics of Open Source Software Projects. Journal of Information Technology Research (JITR), 15(1), 1-16.
  20. Scientific Toolworks, Inc, "Understand," Scientific Toolworks, Inc, [Online]. Available: https://www.scitools.com/. [Accessed 10 December 2022]
  21. Li, H. F., & Cheung, W. K. (1987). An empirical study of software metrics. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, (6), 697-708.
  22. Chidamber, S. R., &Kemerer, C. F. (1994). A metrics suite for object oriented design. IEEE Transactions on software engineering, 20(6), 476-493.
  23. Cook, S., Harrison, R., Lehman, M. M., &Wernick, P. (2006). Evolution in software systems: foundations of the SPE classification scheme. Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice, 18(1), 1-35.
  24. J. Frost, "Statistics By Jim," [Online]. Available: https://statisticsbyjim.com/regression/standard-error-regression-vs-r-squared/. [Accessed 15 December 2022]
  25. Mahir Mahbub. Automated tool for matrics generation. https://github.com/MahirMahbub/ Automated-Tool-For-Matrics-Generation, 2022
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Software evolution software metrics Lehman’s laws.

Powered by PhDFocusTM