CFP last date
20 December 2024
Call for Paper
January Edition
IJCA solicits high quality original research papers for the upcoming January edition of the journal. The last date of research paper submission is 20 December 2024

Submit your paper
Know more
The week's pick
Responsive image
Improved Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm with Self-Adaptive Shuffling for Fuzzy Logic PD+G Controller Optimization in Robotic Manipulators

Duc Hoang Nguyen
Random Articles
Reseach Article

Review of Complex Networks

by Ben-Bright Benuwa, Benjamin Ghansah, Dickson Keddy Wornyo
journal cover thumbnail

International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 141 - Number 5
Year of Publication: 2016
Authors: Ben-Bright Benuwa, Benjamin Ghansah, Dickson Keddy Wornyo
10.5120/ijca2016909624

Ben-Bright Benuwa, Benjamin Ghansah, Dickson Keddy Wornyo . Review of Complex Networks. International Journal of Computer Applications. 141, 5 ( May 2016), 33-43. DOI=10.5120/ijca2016909624

@article{ 10.5120/ijca2016909624,
author = { Ben-Bright Benuwa, Benjamin Ghansah, Dickson Keddy Wornyo },
title = { Review of Complex Networks },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { May 2016 },
volume = { 141 },
number = { 5 },
month = { May },
year = { 2016 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 33-43 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume141/number5/24783-2016909624/ },
doi = { 10.5120/ijca2016909624 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2024-02-06T23:43:40.413625+05:30
%A Ben-Bright Benuwa
%A Benjamin Ghansah
%A Dickson Keddy Wornyo
%T Review of Complex Networks
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 141
%N 5
%P 33-43
%D 2016
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

Research into complex networks (CN) has become a key topic of interest across many disciplines in recent times. Complex systems are naturally pervasive and man-made systems, and because CN could be regarded as the bedrock of complex systems they appear in a wide range of scenarios stretching from societal and environmental to biological and technological systems. Stimulated by experimental and pragmatic analysis of interacted or connected systems such as the Internet, biological, and social networks, proponents in recent times have advanced diversified approaches and frameworks to aid in envisaging the performance of these systems. This paper presents a review in the field of CN, in particular, the outsets of degree distributions, the small-world effect, network correlations, clustering, synchronization, random graph models, models of network growth and special attachment, robustness and dynamical processes- interestingly taking place on networks. This review also aims at serving as a substratum for future research in the study area, particularly those pursuing their career synthetically in artificial intelligence. In the end, some important conclusions and possible research directions of CN that essentially need to be studied in the future are proposed.

References
  1. A. Gasparri, S. Meloni, and S. Panzieri, "Growing Fully Distributed Robust Topologies in a Sensor Network," in Modelling, Estimation and Control of Networked Complex Systems, ed: Springer, 2009, pp. 143-158.
  2. L. A. Amaral and J. M. Ottino, "Complex networks," The European Physical Journal B-Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, vol. 38, pp. 147-162, 2004.
  3. C. Nan, I. Eusgeld, and W. Kröger, "Analyzing vulnerabilities between SCADA system and SUC due to interdependencies," Reliability Engineering & System Safety, vol. 113, pp. 76-93, 2013.
  4. R. Allan, "Computational Research into Complex Systems," ed: Citeseer, 2009.
  5. Ş. Ş. Erçetin and S. M. Bisaso, "The Effect of Social Media and Social Networking on Perceptions of Leadership and Leaders," in Chaos, Complexity and Leadership 2014, ed: Springer, 2016, pp. 105-117.
  6. J. Kim and T. Wilhelm, "What is a complex graph?," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 387, pp. 2637-2652, 2008.
  7. A.-L. Barabási and E. Bonabeau, "Scale-free networks," Scientific American, vol. 288, pp. 50-59, 2003.
  8. D. J. Watts and S. H. Strogatz, "Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’networks," nature, vol. 393, pp. 440-442, 1998.
  9. L. A. N. Amaral, A. Scala, M. Barthelemy, and H. E. Stanley, "Classes of small-world networks," Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, vol. 97, pp. 11149-11152, 2000.
  10. R. Albert and A.-L. Barabási, "Statistical mechanics of complex networks," Reviews of modern physics, vol. 74, p. 47, 2002.
  11. S. H. Strogatz, "Exploring complex networks," Nature, vol. 410, pp. 268-276, 2001.
  12. S. V. Buldyrev, R. Parshani, G. Paul, H. E. Stanley, and S. Havlin, "Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks," Nature, vol. 464, pp. 1025-1028, 2010.
  13. R. Parshani, S. V. Buldyrev, and S. Havlin, "Interdependent networks: Reducing the coupling strength leads to a change from a first to second order percolation transition," Physical review letters, vol. 105, p. 048701, 2010.
  14. A. E. Motter and R. Albert, "in motion," Phys. Today, vol. 65, p. 43, 2012.
  15. M. Abdulla, "On the fundamentals of stochastic spatial modeling and analysis of wireless networks and its impact to channel losses," Concordia University, 2012.
  16. B. Bollobás, "Random Graphs. 2001," Cambridge Stud. Adv. Math, 2001.
  17. P. ERDdS and A. WI, "On random graphs I," Publ. Math. Debrecen, vol. 6, pp. 290-297, 1959.
  18. J. Bowen, "Hypercubes," Practical Computing, avril, 1982.
  19. P. G. GYARMA, "TI: SOME WORDS ABOUT NETWORKS."
  20. R. Cohen, K. Erez, D. Ben-Avraham, and S. Havlin, "Resilience of the Internet to random breakdowns," Physical review letters, vol. 85, p. 4626, 2000.
  21. R. Cohen and S. Havlin, "Scale-free networks are ultrasmall," Physical review letters, vol. 90, p. 058701, 2003.
  22. P. Erd6s and A. Rényi, "On the evolution of random graphs," Publ. Math. Inst. Hungar. Acad. Sci, vol. 5, pp. 17-61, 1960.
  23. B. Bollobas, "Random Graphs, Academic," ed: London, 1985.
  24. M. Faloutsos, P. Faloutsos, and C. Faloutsos, "On power-law relationships of the internet topology," in ACM SIGCOMM computer communication review, 1999, pp. 251-262.
  25. H. Jeong, B. Tombor, R. Albert, Z. N. Oltvai, and A.-L. Barabási, "The large-scale organization of metabolic networks," Nature, vol. 407, pp. 651-654, 2000.
  26. J. Abello, A. L. Buchsbaum, and J. R. Westbrook, "A functional approach to external graph algorithms," in Algorithms—ESA’98, ed: Springer, 1998, pp. 332-343.
  27. A. Broder, R. Kumar, F. Maghoul, P. Raghavan, S. Rajagopalan, R. Stata, et al., "Graph structure in the web," Computer networks, vol. 33, pp. 309-320, 2000.
  28. A.-L. Barabási and R. Albert, "Emergence of scaling in random networks," science, vol. 286, pp. 509-512, 1999.
  29. A.-L. Barabási, R. Albert, and H. Jeong, "Mean-field theory for scale-free random networks," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 272, pp. 173-187, 1999.
  30. M. Boguná, R. Pastor-Satorras, and A. Vespignani, "Absence of epidemic threshold in scale-free networks with degree correlations," Physical review letters, vol. 90, p. 028701, 2003.
  31. L. A. Nunes Amaral, A. Scala, M. Barthelemy, and H. E. Stanley, "Classes of behavior of small-world networks," arXiv preprint cond-mat/0001458, 2000.
  32. M. E. Newman, "The structure of scientific collaboration networks," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 98, pp. 404-409, 2001.
  33. H. R. Bernard, P. D. Killworth, M. J. Evans, C. McCarty, and G. A. Shelley, "Studying social relations cross-culturally," Ethnology, pp. 155-179, 1988.
  34. F. Karinthy, "Chain-links," Everything is different, pp. 21-26, 1929.
  35. S. Milgram, "The small world problem," Psychology today, vol. 2, pp. 60-67, 1967.
  36. A. Wagner and D. A. Fell, "The small world inside large metabolic networks," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, vol. 268, pp. 1803-1810, 2001.
  37. L. Björneborn, "Small-world linkage and co-linkage," in Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia, 2001, pp. 133-137.
  38. B. Kogut and G. Walker, "The small world of Germany and the durability of national networks," American sociological review, pp. 317-335, 2001.
  39. O. Sporns, G. Tononi, and G. M. Edelman, "Theoretical neuroanatomy: relating anatomical and functional connectivity in graphs and cortical connection matrices," Cerebral Cortex, vol. 10, pp. 127-141, 2000.
  40. K. E. Stephan, C. C. Hilgetag, G. A. Burns, M. A. O'Neill, M. P. Young, and R. Kotter, "Computational analysis of functional connectivity between areas of primate cerebral cortex," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 355, pp. 111-126, 2000.
  41. J. M. Kleinberg, "Navigation in a small world," Nature, vol. 406, pp. 845-845, 2000.
  42. J. Wallinga, W. J. Edmunds, and M. Kretzschmar, "Perspective: human contact patterns and the spread of airborne infectious diseases," Trends in microbiology, vol. 7, pp. 372-377, 1999.
  43. F. Ball, D. Mollison, and G. Scalia-Tomba, "Epidemics with two levels of mixing," The Annals of Applied Probability, pp. 46-89, 1997.
  44. M. J. Keeling, "The effects of local spatial structure on epidemiological invasions," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, vol. 266, pp. 859-867, 1999.
  45. M. Boots and A. Sasaki, "‘Small worlds’ and the evolution of virulence: infection occurs locally and at a distance," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, vol. 266, pp. 1933-1938, 1999.
  46. L. F. Lago-Fernández, R. Huerta, F. Corbacho, and J. A. Sigüenza, "Fast response and temporal coherent oscillations in small-world networks," Physical Review Letters, vol. 84, p. 2758, 2000.
  47. M. Barthélémy and L. A. N. Amaral, "Small-world networks: Evidence for a crossover picture," Physical Review Letters, vol. 82, p. 3180, 1999.
  48. M. E. Newman, "Models of the small world," Journal of Statistical Physics, vol. 101, pp. 819-841, 2000.
  49. M. E. Newman, C. Moore, and D. J. Watts, "Mean-field solution of the small-world network model," Physical Review Letters, vol. 84, p. 3201, 2000.
  50. A. D. Barbour and G. Reinert, "Small worlds," Random Structures & Algorithms, vol. 19, pp. 54-74, 2001.
  51. S. Boccaletti, V. Latora, Y. Moreno, M. Chavez, and D.-U. Hwang, "Complex networks: Structure and dynamics," Physics reports, vol. 424, pp. 175-308, 2006.
  52. L. d. F. Costa, F. A. Rodrigues, G. Travieso, and P. R. Villas Boas, "Characterization of complex networks: A survey of measurements," Advances in Physics, vol. 56, pp. 167-242, 2007.
  53. P. Van Mieghem, Performance analysis of communications networks and systems: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
  54. E. R. Van Dam and W. H. Haemers, "Which graphs are determined by their spectrum?," Linear Algebra and its applications, vol. 373, pp. 241-272, 2003.
  55. P. Van Mieghem, Graph spectra for complex networks: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
  56. P. Van Mieghem, "The Physics of Complex Networks."
  57. S. N. Dorogovtsev, A. V. Goltsev, and J. F. Mendes, "Critical phenomena in complex networks," Reviews of Modern Physics, vol. 80, p. 1275, 2008.
  58. P. Van Mieghem, J. Omic, and R. Kooij, "Virus spread in networks," Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on, vol. 17, pp. 1-14, 2009.
  59. J. G. Restrepo, E. Ott, and B. R. Hunt, "Onset of synchronization in large networks of coupled oscillators," Physical Review E, vol. 71, p. 036151, 2005.
  60. S. H. Strogatz, "From Kuramoto to Crawford: exploring the onset of synchronization in populations of coupled oscillators," Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, vol. 143, pp. 1-20, 2000.
  61. P. Van Mieghem, C. Doerr, H. Wang, J. M. Hernandez, D. Hutchison, M. Karaliopoulos, et al., "A framework for computing topological network robustness," Delft University of Technology, Report20101218, 2010.
  62. Y. Chen, G. Paul, S. Havlin, F. Liljeros, and H. E. Stanley, "Finding a better immunization strategy," Physical review letters, vol. 101, p. 058701, 2008.
  63. J. Omić, J. Martín-Hernández, and P. Van Mieghem, "Network protection against worms and cascading failures using modularity partitioning," in Teletraffic Congress (ITC), 2010 22nd International, 2010, pp. 1-8.
  64. A. Arenas, A. Díaz-Guilera, J. Kurths, Y. Moreno, and C. Zhou, "Synchronization in complex networks," Physics Reports, vol. 469, pp. 93-153, 2008.
  65. N. Wiener, "Nonlinear problems in random theory. 1958," ed: New York.
  66. N. Wiener, "Cybernetics. 1961," First German edition, Duesseldorf, Econ, 1963.
  67. E. T. Hall, The dance of life: Anchor Press Garden City, NY, 1983.
  68. J. Pena Ramirez, "Huygens' synchronization of dynamical systems: beyond pendulum clocks," Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 2013.
  69. A. T. Winfree, "Biological rhythms and the behavior of populations of coupled oscillators," Journal of theoretical biology, vol. 16, pp. 15-42, 1967.
  70. A. T. Winfree, The geometry of biological time vol. 12: Springer Science & Business Media, 2001.
  71. J. Travers and S. Milgram, "An experimental study of the small world problem," Sociometry, pp. 425-443, 1969.
  72. X. F. Wang and G. Chen, "Complex networks: small-world, scale-free and beyond," Circuits and Systems Magazine, IEEE, vol. 3, pp. 6-20, 2003.
  73. L. Zhao, Y.-C. Lai, K. Park, and N. Ye, "Onset of traffic congestion in complex networks," Physical Review E, vol. 71, p. 026125, 2005.
  74. C.-Y. Yin, W.-X. Wang, G. Chen, and B.-H. Wang, "Decoupling process for better synchronizability on scale-free networks," Physical Review E, vol. 74, p. 047102, 2006.
  75. P. Van Mieghem, D. Stevanović, F. Kuipers, C. Li, R. Van De Bovenkamp, D. Liu, et al., "Decreasing the spectral radius of a graph by link removals," Physical Review E, vol. 84, p. 016101, 2011.
  76. F. A. Kuipers and P. F. Van Mieghem, "Conditions that impact the complexity of QoS routing," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), vol. 13, pp. 717-730, 2005.
  77. F. Kuipers, A. Beshir, A. Orda, and P. Van Mieghem, "Impairment-aware path selection and regenerator placement in translucent optical networks," in Network Protocols (ICNP), 2010 18th IEEE International Conference on, 2010, pp. 11-20.
  78. P. Van Mieghem and L. Vandenberghe, "Trade-Off Curves for QoS Routing," in INFOCOM, 2006.
  79. S. Tang, E. Jaho, I. Stavrakakis, I. Koukoutsidis, and P. Van Mieghem, "Modeling gossip-based content dissemination and search in distributed networking," Computer Communications, vol. 34, pp. 765-779, 2011.
  80. A. Czumaj and C. Sohler, "Sublinear-time algorithms Bulletin of the EATCS, 89: 23 47," ed: June, 2006.
  81. C. J. Stam and J. C. Reijneveld, "Graph theoretical analysis of complex networks in the brain," Nonlinear biomedical physics, vol. 1, p. 3, 2007.
  82. C. J. Stam, A. Hillebrand, H. Wang, and P. Van Mieghem, "Emergence of modular structure in a large-scale brain network with interactions between dynamics and connectivity," Frontiers in computational neuroscience, vol. 4, 2010.
  83. M. P. van den Heuvel, C. J. Stam, R. S. Kahn, and H. E. H. Pol, "Efficiency of functional brain networks and intellectual performance," The Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 29, pp. 7619-7624, 2009.
  84. H. Wang, L. Douw, J. M. Hernandez, J. Reijneveld, C. Stam, and P. Van Mieghem, "Effect of tumor resection on the characteristics of functional brain networks," Physical Review E, 82 (2), 2010, 2010.
  85. L. Ellwardt, T. G. Van Tilburg, and M. J. Aartsen, "The mix matters: Complex personal networks relate to higher cognitive functioning in old age," Social Science & Medicine, vol. 125, pp. 107-115, 2015.
  86. D. F. Hultsch, C. Hertzog, B. J. Small, and R. A. Dixon, "Use it or lose it: engaged lifestyle as a buffer of cognitive decline in aging?," Psychology and aging, vol. 14, p. 245, 1999.
  87. C. Schooler, Psychological effects of complex environments during the life span: A review and theory: Ablex Publishing, 1987.
  88. C. Stephens, F. Alpass, A. Towers, and B. Stevenson, "The effects of types of social networks, perceived social support, and loneliness on the health of older people: Accounting for the social context," Journal of Aging and Health, p. 0898264311400189, 2011.
  89. L. C. Giles, K. J. Anstey, R. B. Walker, and M. A. Luszcz, "Social networks and memory over 15 years of followup in a cohort of older Australians: results from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing," Journal of aging research, vol. 2012, 2012.
  90. M. J. Valenzuela, F. E. Matthews, C. Brayne, P. Ince, G. Halliday, J. J. Kril, et al., "Multiple biological pathways link cognitive lifestyle to protection from dementia," Biological psychiatry, vol. 71, pp. 783-791, 2012.
  91. M. B. van Groenou, E. O. Hoogendijk, and T. G. van Tilburg, "Continued and New Personal Relationships in Later Life Differential Effects of Health," Journal of aging and health, vol. 25, pp. 274-295, 2013.
  92. C. Wrzus, M. Hänel, J. Wagner, and F. J. Neyer, "Social network changes and life events across the life span: A meta-analysis," Psychological Bulletin, vol. 139, p. 53, 2013.
  93. M. J. Aartsen, C. H. Smits, T. van Tilburg, K. C. Knipscheer, and D. J. Deeg, "Activity in older adults cause or consequence of cognitive functioning? A longitudinal study on everyday activities and cognitive performance in older adults," The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, vol. 57, pp. P153-P162, 2002.
  94. M. J. Aartsen, T. Van Tilburg, C. H. Smits, and K. C. Knipscheer, "A longitudinal study of the impact of physical and cognitive decline on the personal network in old age," Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, vol. 21, pp. 249-266, 2004.
  95. J. D. Velásqueza, Y. Covacevicha, F. Molinaa, E. Marrese-Taylora, C. Rodrígueza, and F. Bravo-Marquezb, "DOCODE 3.0 (DOcument COpy DEtector): A system for plagiarism detection by applying an information fusion process from multiple documental data sources."
  96. J. D. Winkler, K. Erickson, A. Choudhury, A. L. Halweg-Edwards, and R. T. Gill, "Complex systems in metabolic engineering," Current opinion in biotechnology, vol. 36, pp. 107-114, 2015.
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Complex network scale-free networks small world networks synchronization

Powered by PhDFocusTM