We apologize for a recent technical issue with our email system, which temporarily affected account activations. Accounts have now been activated. Authors may proceed with paper submissions. PhDFocusTM
CFP last date
20 December 2024
Call for Paper
January Edition
IJCA solicits high quality original research papers for the upcoming January edition of the journal. The last date of research paper submission is 20 December 2024

Submit your paper
Know more
The week's pick
Responsive image
Improved Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm with Self-Adaptive Shuffling for Fuzzy Logic PD+G Controller Optimization in Robotic Manipulators

Duc Hoang Nguyen
Random Articles
Reseach Article

Child Safety Issues in Cyberspace: A Critical Theory on Trends and Challenges in the ASEAN Region

by A.R. Mubarak
journal cover thumbnail

International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 129 - Number 1
Year of Publication: 2015
Authors: A.R. Mubarak
10.5120/ijca2015906925

A.R. Mubarak . Child Safety Issues in Cyberspace: A Critical Theory on Trends and Challenges in the ASEAN Region. International Journal of Computer Applications. 129, 1 ( November 2015), 48-55. DOI=10.5120/ijca2015906925

@article{ 10.5120/ijca2015906925,
author = { A.R. Mubarak },
title = { Child Safety Issues in Cyberspace: A Critical Theory on Trends and Challenges in the ASEAN Region },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { November 2015 },
volume = { 129 },
number = { 1 },
month = { November },
year = { 2015 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 48-55 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume129/number1/23041-2015906925/ },
doi = { 10.5120/ijca2015906925 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2024-02-06T23:22:17.094889+05:30
%A A.R. Mubarak
%T Child Safety Issues in Cyberspace: A Critical Theory on Trends and Challenges in the ASEAN Region
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 129
%N 1
%P 48-55
%D 2015
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

The Internet has revolutionised the ways in which people interact and access information. While a majority of the contents found in cyberspace are useful and beneficial to communities, there are some which are not suitable for children and adolescents. Specifically, contents that are suitable only for adults can be easily accessed by children. This poses a significant challenge to children’s normal development. Further, individuals, groups and organisations have misused certain cyberspace facilities, such as social interaction websites and online game sites, to specifically target children and abuse and harm them. Police and other law making authorities are seriously challenged by rapidly developing Internet technology and newly emerging techniques in which anti-social elements target children. Communities living in the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) region are no exception to these challenges. This paper using critical theory analyses the cyber challenges faced by children in this region and suggests ways in which policy makers can take firm steps to protect them to ensure their safety and maximise the benefits of online contents.

References
  1. Accenture (2014). Surfing Southeast Asia’s powerful digitalwave.http://www.accenture.com/Micros.http://wwaccenture.com/Microsites/asiagoglobal/Documents/pdfs/page1/AccentureSurfingASENADigitalWaveSurvey.pdf.Accessed on 02 March 2015.
  2. Advocacy global voice (2015). Laos joins Southeast neighbours in imposing stricter internet controls, http://advocacy.globalvoicesonline.org/2014/09/28/laosjoins-southeast-asian-neighbors-inimposingstricterinternet-controls/accessed on 18 March 2015.
  3. ASEAN (2003). ASEAN telecommunications and IT ministers meeting (TELMIN), ASEAN secretariat news, http://www.asean.org/communities/aseaneconomiccommunity/category/asean-telecommunications-anditministers-meeting-telmin/accessed on 18 March 2015.
  4. ASEAN (2014). ASEAN steps up fight against cybercrime and terrorism, ASEAN secretariat news, http://www.asean.org/news/asean-secretariat-news/item/ asean-steps-up-fight-against-cybercrime-and-terrorism/ accessed on 18 March 2015.
  5. ASEAN (2015a). ASEAN engages citizen through social media,ASEANSecretariatnews,http://www.asean.org/news/aseansecretariatnew/item/aseanengagecitizenthrough-social-media/accessed on 17 March 2015.
  6. ASEAN(2015b). ASEAN Intergovernmental commission onhumanrights(AICHR),http://www.asean.org/communities/asean-political-security-community/category/asean-intergovernmentalcommissiononhumanrightsaichr/accessed on 18 March 2015.
  7. ASEANPOL (2015). Secretariat of ASEANPOL, http://www.aseanapol.org/about-aseanapol/accessed on 18 March 2015.
  8. Carr, J. (2004). Child abuse, child pornography and the internet, UK: NCH: 11
  9. Centre for social and political thought, University of Sussex, www.sussex.ac.uk/cspt/research - accessed 23rd June 2015.
  10. Center for problem-oriented policing (2015). Child pornographyontheinternet,http://www.popcenter.org/problems/child_pornography/print/accessed on 18 March 2015.
  11. Council of Europe (2015). Convention on cybercrime, http://www.coe.int/t/DGHL/cooperation/ economiccrime/cybercrime/default_en.asp/accessed on 18 March 2015.
  12. e-ASEAN (2015). E-ASEAN framework agreement, ASEAN secretariat, http://www.asean.org/news/item/e-asean-framework-agreement/accessed on 18 March 2015.
  13. Griffiths, M. (2010). Online video gaming: what should educational psychologists know? Educational psychology in practice, 26 (1): 35 -40.
  14. GSMA NTT DOCOMO (2012). Children’s use of mobile phones. http://www.gsma.com/ latinamerica/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/GSMA-ChildrenES English2012WEB.pdf. Accessed on 02 March 2015.
  15. ILO (2014). New avenues for cooperation: Tacking human trafficking in Asia. Available: http://www.eurasiareview.com/05042014-new-avenues-for-regional-cooperation-tacking-human-trafficking-in-asia-analysis/ - Accessed on 22 August, 2014.
  16. International Centre for missing & exploited children (2013). Child pornography: Model Legislation & Global Review, http://polis.osce.org/library/f/4060/3771/GOV-USA-RPT-4060-EN-3771- Accessed on 22nd August 2014.
  17. InternetWorldStats. (2014). www.internetworldstats.com - Accessed on 19 August 2014.
  18. JakartaPost(2015).Thai Junta chief defends controversial cyber law plans,
  19. http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/01/27/thaijuntachief-defends-controversial-cyber-law- plans.html/accessed on 18 March 2015.
  20. Agger, B., (2006). Critical social theories 2nd Edition, Paradigm Publishers, Herndon.
  21. Kingdom of Combodia (2014). Cybercrime Law Draft V.1,http://www.article19.org/data/files/medialibriary/ 37516/DraftLawOnCyberCrime_Englishv1.pdf/accessed on 18 March 2015.
  22. Malaysian communications and multimedia commission (2015). Prepaid registration – What is the minimum age to register for prepaid SIM card? Malaysian Communications and media commission, http://www.skmm.gov.my/FAQs/Prepaid-Registraion/ What-is-the-minimum-age-to-register-for-prepaid-SI.aspx/accessed on 18 March 2015.
  23. McCarthy, T., (1978). The critical theory of Jurgen Habermas, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
  24. Kraemer,K.L.andDedrick,J.(1994).Payoffsfrominvestment in Information Technology: Lessons from the Asia Pacific Region, World Development, 22 (12): 1921 – 31.
  25. Mahassni, D. (2015). What is the age of consent in differentcountries?http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_age_of_consent_in_different_countries/accessed on18 March 2015.
  26. Media Development authority of Singapore (2014). Regulatory options to facilitate the adoption of internet parentalcontrols,http://www.mda.gov.sg/RegulationsAndLicensing/Consultation/ Documents/Consultation%20Papers/Public%20consultation%20paper%20for%20Internet%20parental%20controls_21%20Apr_final.pdf/accessed on 18 March 2015.
  27. Mehra, B., Merkel, C. and Bishop, A.P. (2004). The internet for empowerment of minority and marginalized users, New Media & Society, 9 (6): 781 – 802.
  28. Melatdouse, H., (2014). Cyber bullying in Malaysia. http://www.cyberbullyinglaws.wordpress.com/ 2010/09/09/cyber-bullying-in-malaysia. Accessed on 22 August 2014.
  29. Michelet. I. (2013). Our children at risk online: The example of Thailand, In: A survey Report, Our children at risk online, The example of Thailand, ECPAT International 2013: 15.
  30. MTV Exit (2014). End exploitation and trafficking. Available: http://mtvexit.org/blog/human-trafficking-goes-cyber-stay-online/ - Accessed on 22 August 2014.
  31. Owens E.W. Behun R.J. Manning J.C and Reid R.C. (2012). The impact of internet pornography on adolescents: A review of the research, Sexual addiction and compulsivity 19 (1-2): 99-122.
  32. Phnom Penh Post. (2012). Violent and child pornography wide spread. Phnom Penh Post 12(2): 5.
  33. Protection of minors (2015). http://www.protection-of-minors.eu/en/cat8.php. Accessed on 2 March 2015.
  34. Rao, M (2015). Regulatory challenges in the emerging internetmediaenvironment,https://www.isoc.org/inet2000/cdproceedings/8b/8b_1.htm/accessed on 18 March 2015.
  35. Ray, L., (1990). Critical sociology, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., England.
  36. Raylue, N., and Oei, T.P. (2004). Role of culture in gambling and problem gambling, Clinical psychology review, 23 (8): 1087 – 1114.
  37. Rogers, A., (2013). From peer-to-peer networks to cloud computing: How technology is redefining child pornography laws, Pace Law Faculty Publications, http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi? article=1961&context=lawfaculty/accessed on 18 March2015.
  38. Severino, R.C. (2000). Building knowledge societies: ASEAN in the information age, Key note address at the ASEAN regional workshop on building knowledge societies, Kuala Lumpur, 26th January, 2000.
  39. Statista(2015).http://www.statista.com/statistics/193056/facebook-user-numbers-in-asian-countries. Accessed on 2 March 2015.
  40. Tanielian, A. (2013). Illicit supply and demand: Child sex exploitation in ASEAN. National Taiwan University Law Review, 8 (1): 97 – 140.
  41. The Diplomat (2015). Singapore criminalizes cyber bullyingandstalking,http://thediplomat.com/2014/03/singapore-criminalizes-cyber-bullying-and-stalking/accessed on 18 March 2015.
  42. The Irrawaddy (2015). Burma to replace controversial electronictransactionslaw,http://www.irrawaddy.org/investment/burma-to-replace-controversial-electronic-transactions-law.html/accessed on 18 March 2015.
  43. Thai PBS (2014). Computer game addiction alarming amongyouths.Available:http://englishnews.thaipbs.or.th/computer-game-addiction-rises-alarming-among-youths/ Accessed on 22 August 2014.
  44. Trinidad, A.C. (2005). Child pornography in the Philippines. UP Center for Integrative and Development studies (UP CIDS-PST) and UNICEF: 78 – 80.
  45. UNESCO (2013). Young people and the law in Asia and the Pacific: A review of laws and policies affecting young people’s access to sexual and reproductive health andHIVservices,UNESCO,http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002247/224782E.pdf/accessed on 18 March 2015.
  46. United Nations (2000). United nations convention against transnational organised crime and the protocols thereto, United Nations office on drugs and crime, http://www.unodc.org/unodc/treaties/ CTOC/accessed on 18 March 2015.
  47. Williams, S. Lyons, L. and Ford, M. (2008). It’s about bang for your buck, bro: Singaporean men’s online conversations about sex in Batam, Indonesia. Asian studies review, 32: 77-97.
  48. Wisdom Society for public opinion Research. (2010). Cyber bullying problems for Thai kids. http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2010/12/02/technology/Cyber-bullying-problek-for-Thai-kids-30143640.html Accessed on 22 August 2014.
  49. Yuwono, B. (2014). Measuring the success of ASEAN information & communication technology masterplan 2015implementation,http://www.itu.int/en/ITUD/RegionalPresence/AsiaPacific/Documents/Events/2014/October-MIS/ASEAN_Budi_Yuwono.pdf/- accessed on 17 March 2015.
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Cyberspace Child safety Policy making Community development ASEAN critical theory

Powered by PhDFocusTM