A wireless ad-hoc network is a collection of nodes which are self-organizing and self-administering in nature. All nodes are connected by wireless links and are free to move randomly. Thus, the network topology keeps on changing rapidly and erratically. These kinds of networks are very flexible and don't need any existing infrastructure. In order establish communication within the network and to discover the routes between the nodes a routing protocol is used so that messages may be delivered in a timely manner. The primary objective of an ad hoc network routing protocol is accurate and efficient route establishment between a pair of nodes. Route construction should be done with a minimum of overhead and minimum consumption of bandwidth. The major challenge in these kinds of networks is finding a path between the communication end points of nodes that are mobile. Therefore, these kinds of networks are also called multi-hop ad-hoc networks. This paper is based on study of ad-hoc wireless networks and it's related various issues in architectures and protocols. This paper provides an overview of various issues and challenges in various protocols.

Wireless network Ad hoc Network Multi-hop Routing protocols Infrastructureless