We apologize for a recent technical issue with our email system, which temporarily affected account activations. Accounts have now been activated. Authors may proceed with paper submissions. PhDFocusTM
CFP last date
20 November 2024
Reseach Article

Load Frequency Control of Two-Area Smart Grid

by K. Saiteja, M.s. Krishnarayalu
International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 117 - Number 14
Year of Publication: 2015
Authors: K. Saiteja, M.s. Krishnarayalu
10.5120/20619-3323

K. Saiteja, M.s. Krishnarayalu . Load Frequency Control of Two-Area Smart Grid. International Journal of Computer Applications. 117, 14 ( May 2015), 1-9. DOI=10.5120/20619-3323

@article{ 10.5120/20619-3323,
author = { K. Saiteja, M.s. Krishnarayalu },
title = { Load Frequency Control of Two-Area Smart Grid },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { May 2015 },
volume = { 117 },
number = { 14 },
month = { May },
year = { 2015 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 1-9 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume117/number14/20619-3323/ },
doi = { 10.5120/20619-3323 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2024-02-06T22:59:21.596926+05:30
%A K. Saiteja
%A M.s. Krishnarayalu
%T Load Frequency Control of Two-Area Smart Grid
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 117
%N 14
%P 1-9
%D 2015
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

Nowadays electrical load demand is increasing day by day. Conventional grids alone cannot meet the increasing load demands as their generation is limited by natural resources like coal, water etc. This results in frequency problems. Even the existing Load Frequency Controllers may not solve this problem. This resulted in Smart Grids with renewable generation like wind, solar etc. and plug- in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) which can supply the increased load demand from different energy sources. Smart grids are a reality which require good controllers. Hence different controllers like Ziegler-Nichols tuned PID,PSO tuned PID, MATLAB tuned PID and ADRC controllers are tested for a two-area smart grid with PHEV and wind generation through simulations.

References
  1. Hadi Saadat, Power System Analysis, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2007
  2. Elgerd Ol. Electric energy system theory: an introduction. 2/e. McGraw Hill, New York:,1983.
  3. Kundur P. Power system stability and control. 5th reprint. Tata McGraw Hill; New Delhi: 2008.
  4. Kothari DP, Nagrath IJ. Modern power system analysis. 4/e. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill; 2011.
  5. Ibraheem, Kumar P, Kothari DP. Recent philosophies of automatic generation control strategies in power systems. IEEE Trans Power Syst 2005;20(1):346–57.
  6. U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), "Smart grid system report," Jul. 2009 [Online]. Available: http://www. oe. energy. gov/Documentsand-Media/SGSRMain_090707_lowres. pdf
  7. Y. Ota et al. , "Effect of autonomous distributed vehicle-to-grid (V2G)on power system frequency control," in Proc. Int. Conf. Ind. Inf. Syst. (ICIIS), pp. 481–485.
  8. K. Shimizu et al. , "Load frequency control in power system using vehicle-to-grid system considering the customer convenience of electric vehicles," in Proc. Int. Conf. 2010 Power Syst. Technol. (POWERCON),pp. 1–8.
  9. S. W. Hadley and A. Tsvetkova, "Potential impacts of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on regional power generation," Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, ORNL/TM-2007/150, Jan. 2008.
  10. J. R. Pillai and B. Bak-Jensen, "Integration of vehicle-to-grid in the Western Danish power system," IEEE Trans. Sustainable Energy, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 12–19, Jan. 2011.
  11. Sitthidet Vachirasricirikul and Issarachai Nigamroo "Robust LFC in a Smart Grid with Wind PowerPenetration by Coordinated V2G Control andFrequency Controller", IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 371–380, Jan 2014
  12. Y. Ota, H. Taniguchi, T. Nakajima, K. M. Liyanage, J. Baba, and A. Yokoyama, "Autonomous distributed V2G (vehicle-to-grid) satisfyingscheduled charging," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 559–564, Mar. 2012
  13. Kennedy, J. , Eberhart, R. C. , Particles Swarm Optimization, Proc. IEEE International Conferenceon Neural Networks, Perth Australia, IEEE ServiceCenter, Piscataway, NJ, IV: 1942-1948, 1995.
  14. Han, J. , "From PID to active disturbance rejection control", IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, 2009, 56, 900–906.
  15. Jingqing Han, "Auto-disturbances-rejection Controller and It's Applications", Control And Decision, Vol 13,No. 1, pp. 19-23,Jan. 1998.
  16. Zheng Qing and GAO Zhiqiang, "On Practical Applications of Active Disturbance Rejection Control", Proceedings of the 29thChinese Control Conference July 29-31, 2010, Beijing, China.
  17. Krishnarayalu M. S. and K. Nagarjuna "AVR with ADRC ", International Electrical Engineering Journal (IEEJ) Vol. 5 (2014) No. 8, pp. 1513-1518, ISSN 2078-2365
  18. Krishnarayalu M. S. and K. Nagarjuna "ADRC for Two-Area LFC" , IJERT, ISSN: 2278-0181,Vol. 3 Issue 11, November – 2014, pp 141-146
  19. M. Nagendra and M. S. Krishnarayalu. "PID Controller Tuning using Simulink for Multi Area Power Systems", IJERT, Vol. 1 Issue 7, September - 2012
  20. Katsuhiko Ogata, Modern Control Engineering, 5/e PHI, New Delhi, 2010.
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Load frequency control Smart grid Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle Vehicle-to-grid control Battery state-of-charge Particle swarm optimization PID controller Active disturbance rejection controller.