CFP last date
20 January 2025
Call for Paper
February Edition
IJCA solicits high quality original research papers for the upcoming February edition of the journal. The last date of research paper submission is 20 January 2025

Submit your paper
Know more
The week's pick
Responsive image
SFLA-Based Line Balancing and Task Optimization in Master-Slave Controlled Hanger Transportation Systems for Garment Production

Duc Hoang Nguyen
Random Articles
Reseach Article

On the Number of Anchor Nodes for the Localization of Smart Energy Meters (SEM) in an African Environment

by Griffith S. Klogo, James D. Gadze, Henry Nunoo-mensah
journal cover thumbnail

International Journal of Computer Applications
Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Volume 108 - Number 10
Year of Publication: 2014
Authors: Griffith S. Klogo, James D. Gadze, Henry Nunoo-mensah
10.5120/18950-0089

Griffith S. Klogo, James D. Gadze, Henry Nunoo-mensah . On the Number of Anchor Nodes for the Localization of Smart Energy Meters (SEM) in an African Environment. International Journal of Computer Applications. 108, 10 ( December 2014), 31-34. DOI=10.5120/18950-0089

@article{ 10.5120/18950-0089,
author = { Griffith S. Klogo, James D. Gadze, Henry Nunoo-mensah },
title = { On the Number of Anchor Nodes for the Localization of Smart Energy Meters (SEM) in an African Environment },
journal = { International Journal of Computer Applications },
issue_date = { December 2014 },
volume = { 108 },
number = { 10 },
month = { December },
year = { 2014 },
issn = { 0975-8887 },
pages = { 31-34 },
numpages = {9},
url = { https://ijcaonline.org/archives/volume108/number10/18950-0089/ },
doi = { 10.5120/18950-0089 },
publisher = {Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA},
address = {New York, USA}
}
%0 Journal Article
%1 2024-02-06T22:42:39.748819+05:30
%A Griffith S. Klogo
%A James D. Gadze
%A Henry Nunoo-mensah
%T On the Number of Anchor Nodes for the Localization of Smart Energy Meters (SEM) in an African Environment
%J International Journal of Computer Applications
%@ 0975-8887
%V 108
%N 10
%P 31-34
%D 2014
%I Foundation of Computer Science (FCS), NY, USA
Abstract

The number of anchor nodes required for accurate localization is an important problem in the wireless sensor network research community. The error associated with localization is high when anchor nodes are not optimally placed in the network. No matter how the network is set up, the error associated with localization is inevitable. There are various sources for these errors, one of which is the unavailability of anchor nodes. These conditions arise due to stumpy deployment density or poor signal propagation owing to factors like multipath effects, fading effects and poor visibility. This paper proposes a method of determining the minimum number of anchor nodes required for a given sensor (smart energy meter) network dimension using triangulation as the localization process. The proposed method uses the sensitivity of the sensor nodes and various environmental conditions. Using the sensitivity of the sensor nodes and the environmental conditions, the minimum number of anchor nodes for a network dimension was determined through simulation. The minimum number of anchors required for a network with clear line of sight, sub-urban, residential and non-line of sight environments was achieved with this method.

References
  1. Collins Adjei Mensah, Mphil Thesis on "Causes and Consequences of Informal Settlement Planning in Ghana: A Case Study of Aboabo, A Suburb of Kumasi Metropolis", Department of Geography and Regional Planning of the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Cape Coast. .
  2. G. S. Klogo and J. D. Gadze, "Energy Constraints of Localization Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN): A Survey" International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887), Vol. 75– No. 9, Aug. 2013, pp 44-52Fröhlich, B. and Plate, J. 2000. The cubic mouse: a new device for three-dimensional input. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.
  3. U. Nazir, M. A. Arshad, N. Shahid and S. H. Raza, "Classification of Localization Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Network: A Survey", 2012 International Conference on Open Source Systems and Technologies (ICOSST), pp 1-5
  4. Z. Zhong and T. He, Member, IEEE, "RSD: A Metric for Achieving Range-Free Localization beyond Connectivity", IEEE Transaction on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 22, NO. 11, Novermber 2011, pp 1943-1951.
  5. S. Tian, X. Zhang, X. Wang, P. Sun and H. Zhang, "A Selective Anchor Node Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks", 2007 International Conference on Convergence Information Technology , pp 358-362.
  6. Chia-Ho Ou, Member, IEEE and Wei-Lun He, "Path Planning Algorithm for Mobile Anchor-Based Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks", IEEE Sensor Journal, Vol. 13, NO. 2, February 2013, pp 466-475
  7. N. Salman, H. K. Maheshwari, A. H. Kemp and M. Ghogho, "Effects of anchor placement on mean-CRB for localization", 2011 The 10th IFPI Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop, pp 115-118
  8. Y. Wang, X. Wang, D. Wang, Members, IEEE and D. P. Agrawal, Fellow, IEEE, "Range-Free Localization Using Expected Hop Progress in Wireless Sensor Networks", IEEE Transaction on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 20, NO. 10, October 2009, pp 1540-1552
  9. B. Yao, W. Wang and Q. Yin, "Angle of Departure Aided Sensor Localization Technique under Multipath Environment", Globecom 2012, Ad-Hoc and Sensor Network Symposium, pp 304-308
  10. Matt Loy, "Understanding and Enhancing Sensitivity in Receivers for Wireless Applications", Texas Instruments Technical Brief SWRA030.
  11. Receiver Sensitivity, http://www. digi. com/technology/rf-articles/receiver-sensitivity, accessed on 30th September 2013.
  12. Micaz datasheet, Crossbow Technology, Inc. , Document Part Number: 6020-0060-04 Rev A
  13. T. S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications, Prentice Hall, 1996
  14. Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge university press, 2005
  15. Simon R. Saunders, Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems, John Wiley and Sons, LTD, 1999.
  16. Fading and shadowing, http://morse. colorado. edu/~tlen5510/text/classwebch4. html, accessed on 18th September 2013.
  17. Shadowing, JPL's Wireless Communication Reference Website, http://www. wirelesscommunication. nl/reference/chaptr03/shadow/shadow. htm, accessed on 30th September 2013.
Index Terms

Computer Science
Information Sciences

Keywords

Anchor node shadowing sensitivity smart energy meter (SEM) outage probability.

Powered by PhDFocusTM